Computer Science

International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of the computer science, Engineering and Applications. The journal is devoted to the publication of high quality papers on theoretical and practical aspects of computer science, Engineering and Applications.

The double-blind peer-reviewed Yearbook of Moving Image Studies (YoMIS) is now accepting articles from scientists, artists, designers, developers and film makers for the sixth issue, which is the second part of the »Trilogy of Synthetic Realities« concept, entitled »Trilogy of Synthetic Realities II: Augmented Images«. The first issue of the trilogy in 2020 has focussed on »Virtual Images« and now we address explicitly the problem, aesthetics and technological structure of »Augmented Images« (in 2022 we will address »Mixed Reality Images«). YoMIS will be enriched by disciplines like media theory, film studies and philosophy, art and design, artistic research, image science, semiotics, phenomenology, art history, game studies, visual culture studies, computer graphics and other research areas related to the moving, dynamic or moved image in general.

The world is being transformed, both in terms of technology and culture, as digital technologies become commonplace. From artificial intelligence to digital twins, and from big data analytics to e-learning.

To make sense of what is happening in the world of pharmaceuticals and healthcare, Tim Sandle has written a new book (the first part of a two volume series). Volume one addresses digital technologies for automation and process improvement.

The book explores what each technology does, the potential use of the technology and the practical aspects for its implementation, along with the changes to culture and structure necessitated by digital transformation. This first volume covers process-centric themes and related regulatory aspects and standards.

The paper presents topographic analysis based on the raster data (NetCDF and grid formats) and visualization of the geophysical datasets that resembles the topographic surface. Geographically, the research focuses on the region of North Fiji Basin, South Pacific Ocean. North Fiji Basin is one of the marginal basins located at the converging boundary between the Pacific and Australian tectonic plates and is notable for complex geological settings. Methodology is based on GRASS GIS and includes scripting and cartographic visualization. Data include ETOPO1, GEBCO, EGM96 gravity and geoid raster grids imported to GRASS GIS via GDAL library (‘r.in.gdal’ module) from NetCDF and GRD formats, evaluated and visualized. Several GRASS modules were used as a sequential scripting for displaying and modelling data. Geomorphometric analysis (slopes, curvature, aspect, elevation) was performed by module ‘r.slope.aspect’ based on ETOPO1 grid. Statistical data analysis (histograms, polar diagram) for topographic and geoid gravitational fields were visualized by combination of GRASS modules d.rast, g.region, d.polar, d.histogram, d.grid, d.legend, d.text. Topographic analysis reveal that free-air gravity anomaly mark the continental shelf-slope border showing that generally, geophysical settings are dominated by the topographic effect. These observations are consistent with the inferred prominent role of the geophysical settings. The histograms reveal that topography (trenches, abyssal plains, shelf areas) has values between -5,000 and -1,000 m, and a clear peak with major values between 100 and 350 m above sea level. This distribution indicates that dominating depths of the ocean floor in North Fiji Basin are between -1,500 to -3,000 m. The aspect map of the ETOPO1 initial raw raster grid show that the surface has mostly 50°-110° oriented slope followed by data range in 250°-300° oriented slopes which is well correlating with submarine topography and general relief forms. The steepening of the gravity values between 50 and 55 mGal and 58 to 63 mGal indicates geoid undulations suggesting that bathymetry is controlled by the geological settings in the study area. Console- based scripts of GRASS GIS are presented together with cartographic outputs showing its effectiveness for the geographic spatial analysis.

Nowadays, people are connected to the cloud, i.e., back end servers to implement various tasks such as storage of important data, running applications of higher compatibility and so on. While performing such tasks, a number of hosts within the system may encounter various faults resulting in their downfall. Once a system failure occurs, it has an effect on the execution of the tasks performed by the failed components such as hosts or virtual machines. Subsequently, establishing a requirement for a cloud climate that helps in running various hosts or virtual machines effectively in a cloud computing framework independent of the fault or failure happening inside the parts of the framework.

Cloud Computing (CC) is being popularly used by small organizations and startups as a business model in distributed computing environment. In cloud computing, it provides three architectures SaaS, the user tasks are organized and executed with suitable resources PaaS and IaaS to deliver the different types of services to the customer. In cloud, the time complexity of task execution is a common problem. In this paper, an efficient Task Scheduling (TS) technique is proposed namely Orthogonal Grey Wolf Optimization (O-GWO) algorithm. The O-GWO algorithm, schedules the tasks on VMs with minimum execution time. Also, it increases the convergence speed and reduces the Degree of Imbalance (DI) of total task schedule across VMs. An experimental analysis shows that, proposed O-GWO algorithm performance is measured with respect to efficient evaluation metrics such as makespan and Degree of Imbalance. The makespan of proposed O-GWO algorithm is achieved to the extent of 38.20 seconds of enhancement compared to the existing Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization with Simulated Annealing (HPSO-SA).

In this modern era, mostly all wireless software applications are hacked and injected because of several harmful activities. Henceforth, different frameworks were developed to measure the security level in software systems. Especially, the penetration testing (PT) model is mostly worn by all applications to make the attack vulnerability assessment. To secure the system, initially the behaviour of attacks should be analysed and that is trained in specific agent or software module. Based on the trained activities the specific verification system can predict the present malicious activities. Furthermore, the verification agent or system should be automated to find the harmful activities in any time. Also, the PT is utilized in both hardware and software gadgets, it is processed based on the support of software functions. In other case, the Machine Learning (ML) and Reinforcement Learning (RL) model is functioned to process the attack behaviour in software systems. Moreover, in this review the usage of PT is elaborated in dissimilar ways for different applications. Subsequently, the performance of PT framework is differed based on its each software or applications.

14th International Conference on Network Security & Applications (CNSA 2021) focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding modern security threats and counter measures and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Information and communication technology have made life smarter by offering services that has generally improve the wellbeing of users. Upon receiving new mails in mailboxes, users do not get notified of this fact. They have to speculatively and periodically check their mailbox content. Most times, users are negligence of their mailboxes which lead to ignorance of important mails/ letters. The evolution of Short Message Services (SMS) has made information available to individuals at their convenience. This study describes the development of an automated SMS alert mailing system to notify mail recipients of mails deposited in their mailboxes. The incorporation of this SMS technology as a solution to ignorance and negligence that causes miseries will improve postal services. Exploring this technology in postal service will ease human life and enhance the importance of mailing systems in the society.

14th International Conference on Network Security & Applications (CNSA 2021) focuses on all technical and practical aspects of security and its applications for wired and wireless networks. The goal of this conference is to bring together researchers and practitioners from academia and industry to focus on understanding modern security threats and counter measures and establishing new collaborations in these areas.

Big Data triggered furthered an influx of research and prospective on concepts and processes pertaining previously to the Data Warehouse field. Some conclude that Data Warehouse as such will disappear; others present Big Data as the natural Data Warehouse evolution (perhaps without identifying a clear division between the two); and finally, some others pose a future of convergence, partially exploring the possible integration of both. In this paper, we revise the underlying technological features of Big Data and Data Warehouse, highlighting their differences and areas of convergence. Even when some differences exist, both technologies could (and should) be integrated because they both aim at the same purpose: data exploration and decision making support. We explore some convergence strategies, based on the common elements in both technologies. We present a revision of the state-of-the-art in integration proposals from the point of view of the purpose, methodology, architecture and underlying technology, highlighting the common elements that support both technologies that may serve as a starting point for full integration and we propose a proposal of integration between the two technologies.

This paper presented analyzed and summarized data on geological and geophysical settings about the tectonics and geological structure of the seafloor of the Indian Ocean by thematic visualization of the topographic, geophysical and geological data. The seafloor topography of the Indian Ocean is very complex which includes underwater hills, isolated mountains, underwater canyons, abyssal and accumulative plains, trenches. Complex geological settings explain seismic activity, repetitive earthquakes, and tsunami. Understanding and prognosis of the disastrous and catastrophic geological events is strongly based on correct data analysis, modelling and visualization. An important feature of this paper is mapping multi-source high-resolution data by GMT. Data include raster grids in NetCDF and GRD formats: ETOPO1, geologic and marine free-air gravity data, EGM96, age, spreading rates, and spreading asymmetry of the ocean crust by NOAA, total sediment thickness. Data were visualized by GMT modules to compare and analyze geophysical and geological settings of the Indian Ocean. Visualization reveled correlations between high bathymetric variations of the oceanic seafloor, distribution of main geological seafloor fabric: Southwest, Southeast, Mid and Carlsberg ridges. Tectonic maps were plotted to perform comparative analysis of several variables: crust age, spreading half rates (mm/yr), asymmetries in crustal accretion on conjugate ridge flanks (%), variations in the geopotential and gravimetric models. Being the warm- est of the world’s ocean, Indian Ocean has specific climatic conditions (repetitive monsoons, tsunamis, cyclones and storms), complex geologic seafloor structure with triple junction and unique geographic settings. Presented paper contributed to the regional studies of the Indian Ocean.

Color image steganography is an important task used to secure data and secrete messages, LSB2 method is one of the most popular methods used to secure data transmission by hiding a secrete data into color image. LSB2 method is very simple, efficient and has good quality factors (MSE and PSNR), but it is not secure. In this research paper we will introduce a sequence of logical operation to be implemented with LSB2 to increase the security level of LSB2. This sequence will not negatively affect LSB2 efficiency, and MSE and PSNR values will remain without any changes.

8th International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT 2021) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of Computer Science and Information Technology. The Conference looks for significant contributions to all major fields of the Computer Science and Information Technology in theoretical and practical aspects. The aim of the conference is to provide a platform to the researchers and practitioners from both academia as well as industry to meet and share cutting-edge development in the field.

Called CIVIC Unity, CIVIC WORSHIP, Saint Nicholas Bible, Infinity Bible, Saint Nicholas Infinity Bible. Scriptures from world religions, safety and reminder tips, world cuisine, science, life discussion topics, prayers, verses, and more. Last file upload 11-29-2020. Spirit Infinity Bible is a version that has no references to WWI & II and other civil wars.

Chartres Cathedral, also known as the Cathedral of Our Lady of Chartres (French: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres), is a Roman Catholic church in Chartres, France, about 80 km (50 miles) southwest of Paris and is the seat of the Bishop of Chartres. Mostly constructed between 1194 and 1220, it stands at the site of at least five cathedrals that have occupied the site since the Diocese of Chartres was formed as an episcopal see in the 4th century. It is in the High Gothic and Romanesque styles.

800 years later in 2020 we have Schumann Resonators which are little boxes you plug into the wall that produce electromagnetic radiation tuned to 7.83 Hz.
This is the frequency that the earth/atmosphere system “rings” at when the Earth is struck by lightning. It is also a common frequency your brain “ticks” at.
If we are out of sync with Earth's Frequency (Schumann Resonance) we begin to exhibit signs of discomfort that can range from anxiety, insomnia, illness, suppressed immune etc… Conversely we have discovered that when we humans are in sync with 7.83hz the body is able to heal and increase its vitality. I use PEMF (pulsed electro magnetic field) therapy devices by Swiss Bionics with Schumann resonators. 

It seems the ancients knew about this too.

The cathedral is known as "the high point of French Gothic art" and a "masterpiece" and is well-preserved for its age: the majority of the original stained glass windows survive intact, while the architecture has seen only minor changes since the early 13th century.
The building's exterior is dominated by heavy flying buttresses which allowed the architects to increase the window size significantly, while the west end is dominated by two contrasting spires – a 105-metre (349 ft) plain pyramid completed around 1160 and a 113-metre (377 ft) early 16th-century Flamboyant spire on top of an older tower. Equally notable are the three great façades, each adorned with hundreds of sculpted figures illustrating key theological themes and narratives.


At least five cathedrals have stood on this site, each replacing an earlier building damaged by war or fire. The first church dated from no later than the 4th century and was located at the base of a Gallo-Roman wall; this was put to the torch in 743 on the orders of the Duke of Aquitaine. The second church on the site was set on fire by Danish pirates in 858. This was then reconstructed and enlarged by Bishop Gislebert, but was itself destroyed by fire in 1020. A vestige of this church, now known as Saint Lubin Chapel, remains, underneath the apse of the present cathedral.
It took its name from Lubinus, the mid-6th-century Bishop of Chartres. It is lower than the rest of the crypt and may have been the shrine of a local saint, prior to the church's rededication to the Virgin Mary.

In 962 the church was damaged by another fire and was reconstructed yet again. A more serious fire broke out on 7 September 1020, after which Bishop Fulbert (bishop from 1006 to 1028) decided to build a new cathedral. He appealed to the royal houses of Europe, and received generous donations for the rebuilding, including a gift from Cnut the Great, King of Norway, Denmark and much of England. The new cathedral was constructed atop and around the remains of the 9th-century church. It consisted of an ambulatory around the earlier chapel, surrounded by three large chapels with Romanesque barrel vault and groin vault ceilings, which still exist. On top of this structure he built the upper church, 108 meters long and 34 meters wide.
The rebuilding proceeded in phases over the next century, culminating in 1145 in a display of public enthusiasm dubbed the "Cult of the Carts" – one of several such incidents recorded during the period. It was claimed that during this religious outburst, a crowd of more than a thousand penitents dragged carts filled with building supplies and provisions including stones, wood, grain, etc. to the site.

In 1134, another fire in the town damaged the facade and the bell tower of the cathedral.
Construction was begun immediately on a new tower, the north tower, which was finished in about 1150. It was just two stories high and had a lead roof. The south tower, begun in 1144, was much more ambitious; it had a spire atop the tower, and, when finished in about 1160, it reached a height of 105 metres or 345 feet, one of the highest in Europe. The two towers were joined on the first level by a chapel devoted to Saint Michael. Traces of the vaults and the shafts which supported them are still visible in the western two bays.
The stained glass in the three lancet windows over the portals dates from some time between 1145 and 1155, while the south spire, some 103 metres high, was also completed by 1155 or later. The Royal Portal on the west facade, between the towers, the primary entrance to the cathedral, was probably finished between 1145 and 1245.

male pattern hair loss (MPHL) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is one of the most important modern problems. Low-level laser shows its ability for hair regrowth. In this article, we will talk about the laser light such as its types and its effects on tissues and present some randomized experiments that were performed on animals and others on humans of both sexes to determine their response to the treatment through the evidence-based medicine,We also present the latest discoveries such as the use of laser in the house, which is currently attached to the laser hat and we presented one of the experiments that were carried out using this device on groups of men and women.