Open Innovation

Current governments need to face the challenges that phenomena such as globalization, technological development or demographic changes pose to society and its well-being. Unemployment, population aging, growing social inequalities, climate change, food security, cybersecurity or immigration are some of the social vulnerability areas that require new solutions in a different institutional framework. A framework that must include the participation of more varied actors with new roles. In this context, social innovation , as a process of generating and implementing new ideas to create public value through new or improved services and processes, is emerging as an adequate mechanism to adapt social policies to the mentioned social vulnerability areas. In addition, placing social innovation within the Open Innovation framework, in which innovation is generated from public-private experimentation, cooperation and collaboration, could generate a new horizontal governance model of public policies in general and innovation policies in particular.

Innovation is crucial for the competitiveness of companies. With the complex use of innovation methods, products, quality and internal processes can be developed. Next to newer technologies and methods, emphasis should be placed not only on radical technological innovations, but also on changing and improving the production processes and the business models. Innovation can create value for the customers and the shareholders, using CSR information systems, downstream and upstream operations. Open innovation allows external knowledge flowing into, and internal innovation flowing out the company. Companies should develop an innovation strategy which determines how the company seeks and solves the problem at an organizational level; synthesizes ideas, concepts and design into business strategy. The paper explains the factors and methods that companies have to take into consideration in their innovation processes. The innovation of Alibaba, which plans to radically change the manufacturing sector worldwide is discussed in details.

Even though previous research has repeatedly highlighted the critical role of network partners on innovation activities, it lacks a dedicated discussion about small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their approaches to network partners for realising innovation initiatives. This study responds to this situation and, drawing upon a data set from 1,315 Turkish SMEs, empirically conceptualises a typology of strategic types of networkers and explores the influence of these strategic types on marketing and product innovation as well as process and organisational innovation in SMEs. Results show that apart from supply-chain networkers, there are significant positive relationships between all types of network collaborations and SMEs' innovation activities. Additionally, increasing the breadth and depth of network collaboration with external partners will strengthen the positive effects of SMEs' innovation activities even more.

This manuscript investigates the use of social media, specifically Twitter, during the forest fires in Artenara and Valleseco, Canary Islands, Spain, during summer 2019. The used methodology was big-data analysis through the Union Metrics and Twlets tools, as well as content analysis of posts related to the fires written by seven relevant accounts on the days when the fires were active, which was between 17 August and 26 September, when 9636.40 hectares were burned. The accounts selected for analysis were the following: Ángel Víctor Torres, autonomous president; Canary Islands Government; Civil Protection of Las Palmas; Military Emergency Unit of the Spanish Army; Delegation of the Spanish Government in the Canary Islands; Citizen's Service of the Canary Islands Government; and the information account of the Security and Emergency area of the Canary Islands Government. The study concludes that the Canary Islands authorities did not use social media as a preventive element, but almost exclusively as a live-information channel. Future recommendations are presented for the management of social media during natural disasters.

Taiwan’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been among the world’s best. With a population almost the size of Australia’s, the island nation has reported only 496 confirmed cases of the disease and no locally acquired infections for months.

The unlikely heroes of Taiwan’s success are “civic tech hacktivists”: coders and activists who the country’s celebrity digital minister Audrey Tang describes as the “nobodies” who “hack democracy”.

What began with the hackers of the “open source, open government” movement g0v and student protesters has grown into an experiment in radical democracy that is yielding astonishing results.

Full article available at: https://theconversation.com/hacking-the-pandemic-how-taiwans-digital-democracy-holds-covid-19-at-bay-145023.

Republished: https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/covid-19-no-match-taiwans-digital-democracy-168826;
https://www.ibtimes.sg/how-did-taiwan-successfully-keep-coronavirus-bay-just-496-confirmed-cases-51464;
https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/HL2009/S00068/hacking-the-pandemic-how-taiwans-digital-democracy-holds-covid-19-at-bay.htm

Purpose: The success of corporate innovation is based less upon the success of a single innovation program than on a holistic and overarching corporate innovation system integrating various activities. Taking this perspective, this study extends existing research on the design of innovation programs. Design/methodology/approach: Utilizing an inductive theory-building case study approach, this study provides a detailed analysis of how one of the largest and most successful German technology companies structures its many innovation activities. Findings: The analysis identifies key elements of innovation programs and suggests three configurations that illustrate how these generic elements can be structured so as to offer the best fit with the underlying logic of the respective innovation program. Furthermore, this study highlights how the identified configurations come together to deliver overarching strategic innovation goals. Originality/value: Existing research too often focuses solely on single innovation programs. The current research is among the first to take a holistic and overarching perspective, considering different innovation programs within a single company and analyzing their configuration and their interplay.

Much has been written on the three topics of the literature review of this thesis: innovation, the Commonwealth of Nations’ potential, and the relationship between trade and innovation. This thesis leads on and advances the aforementioned three by combing them all in the form of a policy suggestion for the future of global innovation within the Commonwealth of Nations.

There are three research questions, one primary and two secondary. They are as follows.
Primary: To what extent does free trade between nations cause an increase in innovation?
Secondary (first): Would the creation of a Commonwealth Free Trade Agreement create a greater opportunity for an increase in global innovation than existing trade relationships?
Secondary (second): To what extent is there appetite within the Commonwealth of Nations for free trade and harmonisation of intellectual property rights?
The methodology used in researching for this thesis was quantitative. The objective of this thesis is to successfully argue that the Commonwealth of Nations possesses characteristics that, if transformed into a tariff-free single market would enable an innovation boom that no current (WTO, EU etc) trade organisation or supranational bloc could rival.

The main findings of this thesis are that the conditions — which are stated in Part II, the literature review — for innovation to flourish can easily be satisfied by the creation of a single market within the Commonwealth and that, coupled with its hugely favourable characteristics, the Commonwealth could reasonably lead the world’s innovation efforts.

The main conclusions and implications of this thesis are that the Commonwealth poses the greatest opportunity for those who seek to innovate to a greater extent than current agreements allow, and that there is considerable movement towards the creation of a Commonwealth Free Trade Agreement. The implications of this thesis for the advancement of the Commonwealth towards a single market are advisory in that the considerations which ought to be taken into account to make the Commonwealth a huge economic success are thoroughly studied and outlined herein.

Two-sided (or multisided) platforms are significantly transforming the competitive landscape. Companies like Airbnb and Uber entered and challenged traditional industries by adopting business models able to innovatively exploit the opportunities provided by digital technologies. Recent studies have pointed out that the characteristics of multisided platforms might inspire traditional businesses to foster innovation, enabling different kinds of value creation and capture. This paper aims to explore this possibility through a longitudinal case study of an Italian tour operator that moved from a traditional linear value chain model to a multisided platform. Relying on the literature about multisided platforms and the modalities adopted by incumbents in fostering innovation, this research offers contributions to both theory and practice. Firstly, it shows how incumbents can reinterpret their resources and relationships in order to conceive new multisided platforms. Secondly, it investigates how the experience gained by incumbents can unveil technological opportunities. Thirdly, it shows how the incumbents can manage complexity and adopt a systemic perspective in developing multisided platforms. Thus, the contribution to the academic dimension is in enriching the knowledge of how multisided platforms can help incumbents in dealing with their ‘typical curse’.

Open innovation is a paradigm that assumes that firms can and should use external ideas as well as internal ideas, and internal and external paths to market, as the firms look to advance their technology. Open innovation is the form of innovation in the organization that interacts with the external environment. This interaction results into adoption of either inbound or outbound innovation process. Quadruple helix (QH) model for open innovation argues the integration of industry, academia, government and society is inevitable for the organizations development. This caused challenges to the organizations to respond dynamic environment. This study has primarily examined the linear relationship, of organizational culture, on open innovation model while commitment towards open innovation moderates the linear relationship. A random sample of 250 employees from telecom industry of Pakistan is selected. The data was collected via standard questionnair. The analysis of this study consisted of correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis and moderation analysis. The results revealed that culture has positive relationship with commitment towards open innovation, while the later one is positively associated with QH open innovation model. This relationship is moderated by commitment towards open innovation

Important challenges are about instigating communities to learn, create and manufacture systems with more eco-efficiency and sufficiency, and to raise awareness about local food waste in order to use it as potential resources for material driven design, crafts and micro-fabrication processes. In this paper, we question how to transform and contextualise educational practices based on circular biodesign to raise knowledge locally and co-create with emerging communities. We present and reflect upon the results of the incubation program "Remix El Barrio", an ongoing action-research in the neighbourhood of Poblenou in Barcelona during the EU-H2020 SISCODE project.

In  Create, Share, and Save Money Using Open-Source Projects, prepare to explore an amazing collection of open source projects shared by others – that literally create millions of dollars of wealth. All of these projects you can do yourself following in the footsteps of other creative commons users. Perhaps best of all – it is all free! Regardless of your experience, in doing your own projects you have benefited from this open source sharing already even without knowing it. The Internet is perhaps the best example, as it is a massive collection of wildly successful open source projects put together by millions of people sharing their time and talents. In these pages, you will learn about how to be a more proactive sharer in the creative commons to reap the benefits of enormous wealth for yourself and others, even if you have only a modest amount of money. 
All of this free stuff you can have compliments of the global sharing community, which will be better for having you as an active member. Some of the creations are literately free, but even those that involve material supplies (like hardware projects) will save you substantial amounts of money. There is so much free stuff that it may be tempting to grab as much free hardware and software as you can and then sit back and revel in your savings. You might never bother to share your own work. This would be a big mistake. Simply taking will unquestionably save you a lot of money; however, then you will lose the opportunities that will offer you the greatest value – when others specifically help you.
It is great to get free stuff. I love it too. It is far better, however, when you entice the sharing community to help you directly. You do this by sharing your own work with them for free. You can think of it as pre-emptive 'paying it forward'. It is the right thing to do. This Chapter discusses why you would want to be nice and share your work with the global community.

The demand for printed circuit boards (PCBs) has continued to grow in recent years, partly driven by changes in consumer habits. Smart devices and electronic devices found in all areas of our lives are based on printed circuit boards. The need for functionality and extensive capabilities has increased in certain industries, such as aerospace, medical technology and the automotive industry. In order to cope with this highly increased demand, it is absolutely necessary for manufacturers to further develop existing PCB manufacturing technologies and equipment (Tempo, 2020). With the rapid development of technology, PCBs must be of highest possible quality even in the simplest technical articles, therefore advanced manufacturing processes and manufactured products have to meet strict quality, electrical and environmental standards (Khandpur, 2005).

The demand for printed circuit boards (PCBs) has continued to grow in recent years, partly driven by changes in consumer habits. Smart devices and electronic devices found in all areas of our lives are based on printed circuit boards. The need for functionality and extensive capabilities has increased in certain industries, such as aerospace, medical technology and the automotive industry. In order to cope with this highly increased demand, it is absolutely necessary for manufacturers to further develop existing PCB manufacturing technologies and equipment (Tempo, 2020). With the rapid development of technology, PCBs must be of highest possible quality even in the simplest technical articles, therefore advanced manufacturing processes and manufactured products have to meet strict quality, electrical and environmental standards (Khandpur, 2005).

Drawing on the creative city, this chapter examines the value produced from creative performance in collective spaces, drawing on the relationships and networks, which occupy city spaces and underpin creative processes. Drawing on value as an economic value, the chapter frames the creative economy as socially constructed, created, mediated and validated by a series of actors and agencies, some of whom engage in intermediation. Drawing on empirical data of creative networks, collected through FLOKK, the chapter creates a spatial-relational map of creativity in Leicester, UK, which to some extent con icts with the conceptual underpinnings of the New Economic Geography and lends weight to the importance of intra-operability of the creative sector and ecosystem, with other creative businesses and workers, acting as key intermediaries shaping production and consumption in the local economy. The chapter builds on current understanding of intermediaries to identify distinct roles of creative workers as taste makers, economic imaginaries, enablers and bridgers. 217

Understanding the role that places and settings can play as creative ecosystems is marked out by structural and spatial praxis. Drawing on the empirical case of co-creative design in Copenhagen, co-creation, together with new ways of working, is framed as a significant process for harnessing value in the creative economy. Extending conceptual thinking on hidden culture, the chapter considers the way value is embedded in tacit and hidden co-production and socio-industrial work settings. Using the example of Underbroen, one of Copenhagen's most notable maker spaces, emphasis is given to the way creativity emerges from informal and collegial interactions and settings, which underscore the micro scale of the creative economy. The chapter argues that value in the creative economy is more a product of the setting in which it occurs and its governance, than the physical combination of factor inputs, and highlights the informality and governance structures of Underbroen in the creation of a third space and micro industrial district, which support value construction in the Danish creative economy.