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Formed in 2009, the Archive Team (not to be confused with the archive.org Archive-It Team) is a rogue archivist collective dedicated to saving copies of rapidly dying or deleted websites for the sake of history and digital heritage. The group is 100% composed of volunteers and interested parties, and has expanded into a large amount of related projects for saving online and digital history.

History is littered with hundreds of conflicts over the future of a community, group, location or business that were "resolved" when one of the parties stepped ahead and destroyed what was there. With the original point of contention destroyed, the debates would fall to the wayside. Archive Team believes that by duplicated condemned data, the conversation and debate can continue, as well as the richness and insight gained by keeping the materials. Our projects have ranged in size from a single volunteer downloading the data to a small-but-critical site, to over 100 volunteers stepping forward to acquire terabytes of user-created data to save for future generations.

The main site for Archive Team is at archiveteam.org and contains up to the date information on various projects, manifestos, plans and walkthroughs.

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Our collection has grown to the point of having sub-collections for the type of data we acquire. If you are seeking to browse the contents of these collections, the Wayback Machine is the best first stop. Otherwise, you are free to dig into the stacks to see what you may find.

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Marcus Rautman

University of Missouri-Columbia, Classics, Archaeology & Religion, Faculty Member

University of Missouri-Columbia, Ancient Mediterranean Studies, Faculty Member

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Address: Columbia, Missouri, United States

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The Color-Inlaid "Champlevé" Reliefs of the Synagogue at Sardis

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2020

One of the notable features of the Sardis Synagogue was its extensive decoration with floor mosai... more One of the notable features of the Sardis Synagogue was its extensive decoration with floor mosaics, wall paintings, marble revetment, and opus sectile, with an ornamental relief arcade also appearing in the forecourt. Reliefs carved in the distinctive "champlevé" technique presented a series of arches with spandrels featuring vases, vines, and birds set against a reddish ground. The sculptural approach is not well known in the region, although examples of similar work have been reported across Europe and the east Mediterranean, most notably at Aizanoi, Antioch, and Kourion. Other fragments of incised and color-inlaid relief at Sardis suggest that the Synagogue arcade was carved by sculptors who were both familiar with the site and aware of broader trends in architectural ornament in the 6th century C.E.

Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia, 2017

Home from the hunt: The afterlife of a Late Roman copper-alloy vessel

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2020

The Sardis excavation sector known as MMS was a center of habitation for over a millennium. Archa... more The Sardis excavation sector known as MMS was a center of habitation for over a millennium. Archaic houses built near the great mudbrick fortification were succeeded by scattered Hellenistic and Roman dwellings, to be followed in late antiquity by imposing residences of complex plan and ambitious decoration. Like other parts of the city, these houses saw extensive structural damage in the early A.D. 600s. Raised floors, flimsy partitions and makeshift hearths are among the few signs of lingering occupation. 1 Room 9 of the rambling townhouse at the center of the sector was one of these short-lived pockets of late activity. Excavation in 1985 found that an interior wall was removed, the floor raised 0.4-0.5 m, and a bench assembled using dry-laid brick and stone. Associated coins, lamps and pottery date to the 6th and early 7th c., placing the activity well after 600. 2 Of particular interest among the artifacts is a corroded sheet of copper alloy. 3 The fragment is more or less flat and rectangular in shape (20 cm wide by 12 cm high). Irregular edges show that it was trimmed from a larger object of apparently rounded shape. An irregular hole cut through the center confirms the intended size of the modified work, whose curved edges imply a separate, underlying form. Lacking signs of physical attachment (as on decorative appliqués) or mechanical use (such as lock plates), the object resembles the lid of a small box or casket, for which a lost handle would have facilitated its use. 4 The metal plaque is distinguished by decoration with fine incised lines and punched patterns (fig. 1). A row of small, stamped circles defines an upper band with letters formed by even smaller circles spelling ΚΑΛΟΙC. The rest is occupied by two figures bearing shields and weapons who face in opposite directions toward now-missing opponents. Both are depicted with detailed gear and credible proportions. The figure on the left wears a cloak or chlamys over his shoulder and carries an ovoid shield. Viewed from the back, he prepares to throw a rock at an unknown target. His counterpart, who wears a short tunic and mid-calf boots, carries a similar shield. 5 He holds a vertical spear in his right hand and 1 For an overview, see M. L. Rautman, "A Late Roman townhouse at Sardis," in E. Schwertheim (ed.), Forschungen in Lydien (Asia Minor Studien 17, 1995) 49-66. 2

Ex Anatolia Lux: Menorahs from the Synagogue at Sardis

Journal of Ancient Judaism, 2020

The Sardis Synagogue is a key monument of diaspora Judaism, whose rich visual language runs throu... more The Sardis Synagogue is a key monument of diaspora Judaism, whose rich visual language runs through its decoration and furnishings. Votive texts, inscribed reliefs, and freestanding lampstands found in the building make clear the central importance of the menorah as a resonant religious image but also a functional object. Differences in material, size, form, and decoration reflect multiple sources for the Sardis menorahs, with imported examples apparently guiding the production of distinctive local versions over two centuries. As a group, they document the diffusion of visual ideas as well as contacts with other Jewish communities in late antiquity.

A menorah plaque from the center of Sardis

Sardis in Late Antiquity

Daniel at Sardis

A Stylite Ampulla at Sardis

The Aura of Affluence: Domestic Scenery in Late Roman Sardis

A Late Roman Townhouse at Sardis

C. H. Greenewalt, jr., and M. L. Rautman, The Sardis Campaigns of 1996, 1997, and 1998

American Journal of Archaeology, 2000

C. H. Greenewalt, jr., and M. L. Rautman, The Sardis Campaigns of 1994 and 1995

American Journal of Archaeology, 1998

Page 1. The Sardis Campaigns of 1994 and 1995 CRAWFORD H. GREENEWALT, JR., AND MARCUS L. RAUTMAN ... more

Two late Roman wells at Sardis

The Troodos in Twilight: A Provincial Landscape in the Time of Justinians

The Villages of Byzantine Cyprus

The Classical—Late Roman Periods, in Ian A. Todd (ed.), Vasilikos Valley Project 10: The Field Survey of the Vasilikos Valley, Volume II Artefacts Recovered by the Field Survey

Late Roman Amphorae and Trade in the Vasilikos Valley

Site-specific Survey in a Cypriot Setting

A Cypriot Village of Late Antiquity: Kalavasos-Kopetra in the Vasilikos Valley

Handmade pottery and social change: The view from late Roman Cyprus

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 1998

The Color-Inlaid "Champlevé" Reliefs of the Synagogue at Sardis

Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 2020

One of the notable features of the Sardis Synagogue was its extensive decoration with floor mosai... more One of the notable features of the Sardis Synagogue was its extensive decoration with floor mosaics, wall paintings, marble revetment, and opus sectile, with an ornamental relief arcade also appearing in the forecourt. Reliefs carved in the distinctive "champlevé" technique presented a series of arches with spandrels featuring vases, vines, and birds set against a reddish ground. The sculptural approach is not well known in the region, although examples of similar work have been reported across Europe and the east Mediterranean, most notably at Aizanoi, Antioch, and Kourion. Other fragments of incised and color-inlaid relief at Sardis suggest that the Synagogue arcade was carved by sculptors who were both familiar with the site and aware of broader trends in architectural ornament in the 6th century C.E.

Archaeology of Byzantine Anatolia, 2017

Home from the hunt: The afterlife of a Late Roman copper-alloy vessel

Journal of Roman Archaeology, 2020

The Sardis excavation sector known as MMS was a center of habitation for over a millennium. Archa... more The Sardis excavation sector known as MMS was a center of habitation for over a millennium. Archaic houses built near the great mudbrick fortification were succeeded by scattered Hellenistic and Roman dwellings, to be followed in late antiquity by imposing residences of complex plan and ambitious decoration. Like other parts of the city, these houses saw extensive structural damage in the early A.D. 600s. Raised floors, flimsy partitions and makeshift hearths are among the few signs of lingering occupation. 1 Room 9 of the rambling townhouse at the center of the sector was one of these short-lived pockets of late activity. Excavation in 1985 found that an interior wall was removed, the floor raised 0.4-0.5 m, and a bench assembled using dry-laid brick and stone. Associated coins, lamps and pottery date to the 6th and early 7th c., placing the activity well after 600. 2 Of particular interest among the artifacts is a corroded sheet of copper alloy. 3 The fragment is more or less flat and rectangular in shape (20 cm wide by 12 cm high). Irregular edges show that it was trimmed from a larger object of apparently rounded shape. An irregular hole cut through the center confirms the intended size of the modified work, whose curved edges imply a separate, underlying form. Lacking signs of physical attachment (as on decorative appliqués) or mechanical use (such as lock plates), the object resembles the lid of a small box or casket, for which a lost handle would have facilitated its use. 4 The metal plaque is distinguished by decoration with fine incised lines and punched patterns (fig. 1). A row of small, stamped circles defines an upper band with letters formed by even smaller circles spelling ΚΑΛΟΙC. The rest is occupied by two figures bearing shields and weapons who face in opposite directions toward now-missing opponents. Both are depicted with detailed gear and credible proportions. The figure on the left wears a cloak or chlamys over his shoulder and carries an ovoid shield. Viewed from the back, he prepares to throw a rock at an unknown target. His counterpart, who wears a short tunic and mid-calf boots, carries a similar shield. 5 He holds a vertical spear in his right hand and 1 For an overview, see M. L. Rautman, "A Late Roman townhouse at Sardis," in E. Schwertheim (ed.), Forschungen in Lydien (Asia Minor Studien 17, 1995) 49-66. 2

Ex Anatolia Lux: Menorahs from the Synagogue at Sardis

Journal of Ancient Judaism, 2020

The Sardis Synagogue is a key monument of diaspora Judaism, whose rich visual language runs throu... more The Sardis Synagogue is a key monument of diaspora Judaism, whose rich visual language runs through its decoration and furnishings. Votive texts, inscribed reliefs, and freestanding lampstands found in the building make clear the central importance of the menorah as a resonant religious image but also a functional object. Differences in material, size, form, and decoration reflect multiple sources for the Sardis menorahs, with imported examples apparently guiding the production of distinctive local versions over two centuries. As a group, they document the diffusion of visual ideas as well as contacts with other Jewish communities in late antiquity.

A menorah plaque from the center of Sardis

Sardis in Late Antiquity

Daniel at Sardis

A Stylite Ampulla at Sardis

The Aura of Affluence: Domestic Scenery in Late Roman Sardis

A Late Roman Townhouse at Sardis

C. H. Greenewalt, jr., and M. L. Rautman, The Sardis Campaigns of 1996, 1997, and 1998

American Journal of Archaeology, 2000

C. H. Greenewalt, jr., and M. L. Rautman, The Sardis Campaigns of 1994 and 1995

American Journal of Archaeology, 1998

Page 1. The Sardis Campaigns of 1994 and 1995 CRAWFORD H. GREENEWALT, JR., AND MARCUS L. RAUTMAN ... more

Two late Roman wells at Sardis

The Troodos in Twilight: A Provincial Landscape in the Time of Justinians

The Villages of Byzantine Cyprus

The Classical—Late Roman Periods, in Ian A. Todd (ed.), Vasilikos Valley Project 10: The Field Survey of the Vasilikos Valley, Volume II Artefacts Recovered by the Field Survey

Late Roman Amphorae and Trade in the Vasilikos Valley

Site-specific Survey in a Cypriot Setting

A Cypriot Village of Late Antiquity: Kalavasos-Kopetra in the Vasilikos Valley

Handmade pottery and social change: The view from late Roman Cyprus

Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology, 1998

TRAVAUX ET MÉMOIRES | Tome XV | Mélanges Jean-Pierre Sodini

by Association des Amis du Centre d’Histoire et Civilisation de Byzance ACHCByz, Achim Irina, Nallbani Etleva, Nicolas Beaudry, Jean-Luc Fournet, Marcus Rautman, Raynaud Marie-Patricia, Christina Tsigonaki, Pierre-Marie Blanc, Annie PRALONG, Jean-Luc Biscop, and Arietta Papaconstantinou

Le volume des Mélanges, dédié à Jean-Pierre Sodini, correspondant de l’Institut, pour son 65e ann... more Le volume des Mélanges, dédié à Jean-Pierre Sodini, correspondant de l’Institut, pour son 65e anniversaire, comporte quarante-sept contributions consacrées pour la plupart aux régions et aux sites explorés par le dédicataire. Il présente des études de différents types de matériel archéologique – sculpture, céramique et métal – ainsi que quelques descriptions littéraires de monuments.

ISBN : 2-9519198-7-5