Ottoman Empire

This paper explores the changing trajectory of T E Lawrence’s interaction with the Arab East on the eve of modernity. I aim to juxtapose Lawrence’s pre- First World War scholarly attraction to the antiquity of the ‘Unchanging East’ (his archaeological expeditions in Syria) with his subsequent military engagement in the Arab Revolt, which redrew the map of much of the region and changed it since. Critically, the paper analyses this shift in Lawrence’s largely self-allocated roles in light of his inclination to Oriental disguise. By examining Lawrence’s various forms of Oriental attire, the paper attempts to provide a narrative of the events that led to Lawrence’s metamorphosis from a passive scholar into an active soldier fighting for the Arab national cause (among other agendas). By so doing, the paper highlights homoerotic strands in Lawrence’s adoption of Oriental masquerade and exposes its functional and metaphorical significance. For Lawrence’s masquerade was not merely a way of...

Paper deals with the questions who were the first elected Dubrovnik`s ambassadors at the sublime Porte? What was their motive for doing their job? Who was in their entourage? How much were they paid for their services? What was their itinerary like? Whom did they meet with and who helped them during their missions? Did they face difficulties since they were not familiar with diplomatic protocol at the Porte? What was their role in sending across the message of Dubrovnik’s identity? How did their hosts treat them? What messages did their non- verbal communication, titles and presents send? Which arguments did they use in their appearances? How often did they correspond with the government? How did their correspondence circulate and were there any difficulties in its circulation? How significant was the role of secret diplomacy in their activities? Which information did they pass and to whom? How were their results affected by political circumstances or their diplomatic abilities? All...

The first diplomatic missions from Dubrovnik to the Sublime Porte played an important role in forming the identity of their city. Ambassadors from Dubrovnik were empowered to represent their city during crucial moments in the Ottoman westward expansion. The success of their missions influenced the position the city had under new circumstances characterized by constant shifts in the balance of power. This essay is focused on oral declarations by Ragusan ambassadors, which can be seen as an attempt to define, describe, and typify the community they are authorized to represent. Although these statements were used primarily to achieve various pragmatic aims, at the same time they can be perceived as an expression of the qualities of the city-state. Their messages reflected their beliefs, traditions, and customs of their culture in correlation with the specific conditions in which they functioned. Their choices depended on assessments of their efficiency. However, sometimes their mission...

During the Ottoman period, the tafsir (interpretation) lessons held in the presence of the Sultan in every year during Ramadan were called as "lessons in presence." The lessons, which began in 1172/1759, continued until the end of the Ottoman Empire. The lessons in presence were attended by the Sultan, the shaykh al-islam, the mukarrir (teacher) who would present the lecture, the interlocutors in the position of negotiators and other persons who were in the status of listeners. The mukarrir and interlocutors were chosen by the shaykh al-islam and appointed by the Sultan himself. The verses to be interpreted in the course were notified to mukarrir and the interlocutors two months ago for giving them time to get prepared for the lesson. The duration of each lesson was about two hours, and at the end of the lesson, starting from the high-ranking interlocutor, questions were directed to the mukarrir, and discussions were also held afterwards. After mukarrir made an exegesis of...

During the Ottoman period, the tafsir (interpretation) lessons held in the presence of the Sultan in every year during Ramadan were called as "lessons in presence." The lessons, which began in 1172/1759, continued until the end of the Ottoman Empire. The lessons in presence were attended by the Sultan, the shaykh al-islam, the mukarrir (teacher) who would present the lecture, the interlocutors in the position of negotiators and other persons who were in the status of listeners. The mukarrir and interlocutors were chosen by the shaykh al-islam and appointed by the Sultan himself. The verses to be interpreted in the course were notified to mukarrir and the interlocutors two months ago for giving them time to get prepared for the lesson. The duration of each lesson was about two hours, and at the end of the lesson, starting from the high-ranking interlocutor, questions were directed to the mukarrir, and discussions were also held afterwards. After mukarrir made an exegesis of...

Bosnians against the Ottoman Empire-rebellion of the Muslim population in Bosnia in the first half of the 19th century. this paper presents the history of anti-ottoman rebellions, which occurred in Bosnia in the first half of the 19th century. the main initiators of these uprisings were not christians, as it happened in serbia, but local muslim citizens, who were not accepting stambuls' agenda towards european parts of the ottoman empire. in the paper i would like to investigate some of the most important events in the history of Bosnia: Husejn kapetan Gradaščević rebellion; social turmoil of '30s and '40s, and the final confrontation of Herzcegovinian vezir rizvanbegović with an army of omer pasha latas, who received orders to pacify riots in Bosnia and Herzegovina. the paper is based on the scientific literature, public archive documents and narratives sources-memoirs and travel diaries. streszczenie. niniejszy artykuł ma na celu zaprezentowanie historii antyosmańskich powstań do jakich doszło w Bośni w pierwszej połowie XiX w. Głównymi inicjatorami wypowiedzenia posłuszeństwa Porty nie byli jednak chrześcijanie, tak jak to miało miejsce w sąsiedniej serbii, a wyznający islam mieszkańcy tego kraju, którym nie odpowiadała polityka stambułu względem europejskich prowincji. w artykule zwrócono uwagę na takie wydarzenia, jak powstanie Husejna kapetana Gradaščevicia, niepokoje społeczno-polityczne z lat 30. i 40. XiX w. oraz walki między wezyrem Hercegowiny rizvanbegoviciem a wojskami omera paszy latasa, w połowie XiX w. tekst jest oparty na literaturze przedmiotu i materiałach źródłowych, pamiętnikach oraz dziennikach.

A mohácsi síkság keleti felére mutató csatatér rekonstrukció hipotézisekkel kapcsolatban a leggyakoribb és első pillantásra nehezen védhető szakmai ellenvetés, hogy „Rendben, de hol van itt az a bizonyos domb, melyről Brodarics egyértelműen beszél?” Jogos felvetés, mely stratégiai kérdést feszeget. Meggyőződésem ugyanis, hogy valójában nem a sokat emlegetett Földvár, hanem az annak helyét hitelesítő „domb” a csatatér kutatás kulcs eleme. Hiába lesz meg ugyanis a falu, amíg nincs konszenzus a szemtanú szerint mögötte fekvő domb értelmezése körül, minden hipotézis homokvárra épül, mely az ütközet központját nem a tereplépcső környezetébe helyezi el. Az alábbiakban kísérletet teszek arra, hogy kontextusba helyezve a kútfő szavait filológiai és földrajzi érvekkel igazoljam: a Földvár falu határában álló „brodaricsi domb” szükségképp nem feltétlenül csak a tereplépcső egyik magaslata lehet. A bizonyítás több puzzle-ből áll össze, reményeim szerint a dolgozat végére hitelt érdemlően kirajzolódik belőle a „big pictures”

In May 1694, Polish royal court, residing in Żółkiew in Red Ruthenia, received information about Tatars' preparation for the attack on the Commonwealth. At this time, the main Ottoman army, supported by Crimean Tatars, was due to start operations against the Imperial forces. Because of this, the raid against Red Ruthenia was to be executed by Nogai Tatars from Budjak. The main aim of their operation was to deliver supplies to the fortress of Kamianets-Podilskyi and to proceed with a diversionary attack against Poles. By June both King Jan III Sobieski and the local population of Ruthenia were already aware and concerned with an incoming attack. Polish army wasn't ready and the enemy forces

The Battle of Chocim on November 10-11 1673 in historiography Annotation: Article presents current state of research into battle of Chocim (Khotyn) and campaign of 1673. It begins with 19 th century research by Polish historians, from the very important editions of primary sources prepared by Ambroży Grabowski and Franciszek Kluczycki to reconstruction of the battle from 10-11 November 1673 written by Konstanty Górski and Tadeusz Korzon. Then article describes further research, especially by modern historians like Janusz Woliński, Jan Wimmer, Marek Wagner and Konrad Bobiatyński. It also points out that there's lack of research from other countries with the vital absence of Turkish perspective into the battle. It suggests further avenues of research and appeals for large scientific monograph of the campaign of 1673 and the battle itself.

XVI. yüzyıl Osmanlı toplumunda, pâyitahtın tam merkezinde konumlanmış olan Atmeydanı’nda gerçekleşen faaliyetler beraberinde, “kamusal alan”lar yaratılmış mıdır? sorusu, incelememizin asıl merak konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Meydanın tarihe yansıyan sahneleri üzerinden, Alman düşünür ve tarihçi Jürgen Habermas’ın “kamusal alan” kavramına referansla ele alacağımız çalışmamızı böyle bir merkez etrafında inşa etmemizin temel nedeni, “kamusal alan” kavramının hâlihazırda zihinlerimizdeki yeriyle açıklanabilir. Anılan kavramın etimolojisi ile karşılaştırmalar yaparak, Osmanlı iletişim evrenini anlamayı kolaylaştıracağımızı ve dolayısıyla, kavramın Avrupa-merkezci kullanımına ilişkin eleştirel analize de imkân bulabileceğimizi düşünüyoruz.

The paper presents the main commercial law institutes and their manifestation on the Bulgarian market in the second and third quarters of the nineteenth century – commercial companies, commercial courts, bankruptcy. They are regulated by the trade legislation and, in this sense, modernity is enshrined in them. Insofar as the modernity is difficult to break through and difficult to place in the oriental conditions of the region, these institutes acquire a specific local appearance that is subject of the analysis in the article. In these structures the modernity is combined with traditional stereotypes. In addition, there are phenomena that are contrary to the law and public morality: corrupt practices, the use of friendly and ties to provide a favorable outcome of a case, seeking legal information and specialized advice through informal contacts, pressure on the members of the trade court. Several key case studies have been considered in the paper and an attempt has been made to form...

Bu makalenin amacı Osmanlı modernleşmesini taşradan merkeze gönderilen raporlar üzerinden okumaya yardımcı olmaktır. Merkezi otoritenin boşluğunu doldurmaya çalışan yerel güçler modernleşmenin önünde en büyük dirençlerden birini oluşturdular. Kendi aralarında hukuksuzluk üzerine ittifak ettiler. Görevini yapanları pasif konuma getirdiler. Çalışmamız Osmanlı taşrasında yaşanan bu sürece Suriye Vilayeti örneğinde bir raporla ışık tutmaktadır. This article aims to facilitate reading the Ottoman modernization through the reports sent from the provinces to the center. The local forces, which tried to fill the vacuum of the central authority, constituted one of the biggest resistance against modernization. They allied among themselves on unjustness. They assigned those who duly performed their duties to passive positions. Our study sheds light on this process in the Ottoman provinces with a report in the case of the Syrian Province.