Ethnic Studies

Desde distintos enfoques y disciplinas, a partir de la mirada de once especialistas en diferentes temáticas y colectividades, el libro busca contribuir a un debate profundo y vigente sobre inmigración, nacionalidad y diversidad cultural en la Argentina. La obra problematiza la compleja negociación entre identidades vernáculas y oficiales desarrollada desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días, una disputa en la que los actores de la sociedad civil y sus dinámicas étnicas y culturales para integrarse sin desaparecer han jugado y juegan un rol tan importante como el de las políticas estatales elaboradas por las clases dirigentes para homogeneizar, gestionar las diferencias, y construir la alteridad. En el interior del país, esa disputa ha involucrado identidades provinciales que no necesariamente empalmaban con la nación homogénea que se ideaba desde el poder central, una dimensión de la que también se ocupa este libro, para superar a aquellas miradas sobre la temática centradas en Buenos Aires.

A review of the evidence base relating to the demographic, socio-economic and cultural characteristics of 'emerging' faith communities, specifically the Hindu, Muslim and Sikh populations together with the likely future trends within them. The evidence base that was reviewed was selected according to its relevance to the ODPM's strategic priorities of Housing Supply and Demand; Decent Places to Live; Tackling Disadvantage; Delivering Better Services; and Promoting the Development of the English Regions; and also with a view to the relationship between faith and other equalities strands in terms of ethnicity, gender, sexuality and disability.

The German movement in Hungary saw in the youth the key to the survival of the ethnic group in the process of group formation it had initiated. However, through its association activities and the folk school, it had no access to German youth, so by the second half of the 1920s the idea of forming a separate organisation for German youth came to the fore. While this became possible for the university age group in the Suevia organisation, the organisation for teenagers could only be created through the activities of the Volksbund and the so-called Vienna People's Group Agreement of 1940. After preparations had been made, the German Youth (DJ) was founded in the summer of 1941 as part of the National Youth Day in Magdeburg. While the Hungarian government was forced to authorise the DJ, it effectively forced it into illegality for many months by delaying the adoption of its statutes. With the support of other youth organisations, it tried to exclude German youth from the scope of the organisation, and it also sought to hinder its activities by establishing a strict system of control. It was precisely this strict control, however, which revealed that, in wartime conditions, the local groups, which were only legally established from 1943 onwards, were only able to carry out actual association activities to a very limited extent, and were beset by many difficulties.

Exploration of sources, which are related to the period after 1989 as well as the reinterpretation of the previously-known sources concerning the history of the German population in Hungary have brought along the more objective reinterpretation of the Hungarian history during the 1930s and 1940s. Within these frames, the complete revaluation of the Volksbund (an emblematic organization of the German population) proved to be possible. The new academic perspectives have lead to the fact that the public opinion does not consider this institution as a demonic organization any more, but some aspects of this subject matter have not been studied yet. Questions related to the everyday life of the German population during this period are still unanswered, while it is also unclear whether the exploration of local conditions reinforces the research results connected to the national characteristics? It is ambiguous as well, how the differentiation of the Volksbund phenomenon should be regarded in time and space. Namely, the actual and everyday activity of this organization reflects, how the National Socialism itself influenced its organization and its structure. Besides this, it is also unanswered how the organization managed to realize its objectives, and what was its scope of action like within the whole system. The primary aim of this present collection of sources is to seek answers for the above-mentioned questions. In the book, a selection of Hungarian and international/non-Hungarian sources has been published that helps us to understand the process of political participation of the younger generations of German population in Hungary and the process related to the violation of the political rights of the Germans. In addition to this, the history and everyday activities of the German Youth/Deutsche Jugend are illustrated.

The study evaluates the spatial development of the Slovak-Hungarian ethnic boundary emphasising the role of migration and natural reproduction at the regional and local levels. Using the case study of eastern Slovakia enables assessment development in relatively stable territories and territories where there are intensive changes in the ethnic structure of the population. It also contains remote rural areas and urban areas, including the city of Košice and its dynamically developing suburban zone. Application of statistical methods to the wide range of data sources, their graphic and cartographic visualization show the shrinking of the Hungarian dominant area. The results suggest that the ethnically Hungarian population is declining, especially in municipalities and areas with migration gains and natural decrease of the population with the increasing significance of migration in this development. This has led to the enlargement of the ethnic boundary to the south and the emergence of ethnic enclaves. However, the area with Slovak dominance has not spatially expanded.

After 1920, a new stage began in terms of the endeavours for the ethnic homogenisation in Hungary. The most important obstacle of this was that in consequence of the delamination of the new frontiers of the country, the Germans, who formed a large ethnic minority were not able to find a way towards building their own groups and their self-organization. By means of the international organizations for the protection of minorities this would have been improved, but Hungary made efforts to prevent the German from finding their ethnic revival by bureaucratic means. The majority of these tools were the further developed versions of those employed before 1918. The powerful supervision, the inflaming popular feeling regarding the pan-German danger, prevention of their activity in the field of self-organization, the military enforcement of the law, operations of the police and gendarmerie, advertisements, arrests and violence formed a well-functioning system. Through this system, the international guaranteed rights of ethnic groups could have been sabotaged.

https://journals.lib.pte.hu/index.php/dike/article/view/3223/3024

History of the Hungarian German between the two world wars proves to be a difficult subject-matter until these days, in which the Volksbund plays an important role. In this, the better-known but demonized Volksbund played an important role, but we also have to mention its almost unknown youth organization, the German Youth. Mobilization, politization and partial uniformization of Germans – especially the younger generations – was realised through these two organizations. The study seeks answer to the following question: which were the prerequisites of these processes in the German communities, that were previously hardly sensitive to these movements, proved to be apolitical and focused almost primarily on the issues of the economy? It investigates the place and role of the youth within the German families and communities and the mechanisms related to their socialization. As the socialization within the community was done on the bases of centuries old practices, community became the foundation of emancipation. As a result of this, there was no demand for youth organizations, which appeared mainly in the Hungarian cities, in Transylvania and in the southern regions of the country. German communities were not responsive to politics until the economic positions became endangered. This environment started to change in larger degree after the first world war, which lead to the fact that social and economical tendencies, Hungarian ethno-political endeavours as well as the more and more intensive German connections started the controlled emancipation, mobilization and politization of the German Youth.

La llegada de inmigración extranjera a Galicia sin lazos con la emigración gallega y por cau-sas económicas a comienzos del siglo xxi provocó el asentamiento de comunidades migrantes de forma estable. Uno de los indicadores de asentamiento de la inmigración extranjera y de integración en la sociedad de acogida es la creación de asociaciones étnicas. En la investigación en la que se basa este artículo nos centramos en el estudio del asociacionismo de los inmigrantes extranjeros no hispanoparlantes en Galicia para analizar sus demandas y sus estrategias en relación con sus procesos de integración. La realidad del tejido asocia-tivo inmigrante en Galicia está marcada por la situación de precariedad, la vivida por sus líderes y asociados a raíz de la crisis económica y la sufrida como entidades por las políticas de austeridad marcadas por el recorte del gasto social. En este artículo complementaremos la clasificación sobre el tejido asociativo étnico de Schrover y Vermeulen (2005), la c...