ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ

ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ,  ₂He

ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ
Pronunciation	/ˈhiːliəm/ ​(HEE-lee-əm)
Appearance	colorless gas, exhibiting a gray, cloudy glow (or reddish-orange if an especially high voltage is used) when placed in an electric field
Standard atomic weight Ar, std(He)	7000400260200000000♠4.002602(2)
ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ He ↓ Ne hydrogen ← ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ → lithium
Atomic number (Z)	2
Group	group n/a
Period	[[Period {{{period}}} element|period {{{period}}}]]
Block	[[{{{block}}}-block]]
Element category	Noble gas
Electron configuration	1s2
Electrons per shell	2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	gas
Boiling point	4.222 K ​(−268.928 °C, ​−452.070 °F)
Density (at STP)	0.1786 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)	0.125 g/cm3
Triple point	2.177 K, ​5.043 kPa
Critical point	5.1953 K, 0.22746 MPa
Heat of fusion	0.0138 kJ/mol
Heat of	0.0829 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	20.78 J/(mol·K)
pressure (defined by ITS-90) P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K)     1.23 1.67 2.48 4.21
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: no data
energies	1st: 2372.3 kJ/mol 2nd: 5250.5 kJ/mol
Covalent radius	28 pm
Van der Waals radius	140 pm
Spectral lines of ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Speed of sound	972 m/s
Thermal conductivity	0.1513 W/(m·K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Magnetic susceptibility	3005812000000000000♠−1.88×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)
CAS Number	7440-59-7
History
Naming	after Helios, Greek god of the Sun
Discovery	Norman Lockyer (1868)
First isolation	William Ramsay, Per Teodor Cleve, Abraham Langlet (1895)
Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct

[]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
Natural occurence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as

• <ref name = "CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})

Documentation[view] [edit] [history] [purge]

Infoboxes for the chemical elements use the core template {{Infobox element}} (talk).

Parameters

In general

Usually parameters reproduce the value, and the template adds the SI unit or additional standard text. While the topic is technical, we can strive to make the result readable text, and even verbose. For example, this is why the template writes "(at 0 °C)". For this, you may want to experiment with parameter input too - or propose improvements.

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Central data values

Some data, like standard atomic weight, are read from a central list. This way, enwiki has the same values everywhere. See #Chemical element data lists for more.

Parameter naming patterns

Most parameters have a ... ref that allows for references. This reference is added right after the unit.

ionization energy ref

Parameters with a .. comment suffix are added to the end of a data line, with a space added. Comments are reproduced without formatting additions (no brackets, no italics, ...):

ionization energy comment

Numbered values make a list:

ionization energy

ionization energy 2

ionization energy 3

Parameter list

This parameter list:  See also: Infobox element/testcases-all-params demo. {{Infobox element |name= |symbol= |number= <!-- image --> |image name= |image upright= |spectral image=<!-- central data list --> <!-- General properties --> |pronounce=<!-- central data list --> |alt name= |alt names= |allotropes= |appearance= |standard atomic weight=<!-- central data list --> <!-- Periodic table --> |above= |below= |left= |right= |category ref= |category comment= |category color= |group= |group ref= |group comment= |period= |period ref= |period comment= |block= |block ref= |block comment= |electron configuration= |electron configuration ref= |electron configuration comment= |electrons per shell= |electrons per shell ref= |electrons per shell comment= <!-- Physical properties --> |physical properties comment= |color= |phase= |phase ref= |phase comment= |melting point K= |melting point C= |melting point F= |melting point ref= |melting point comment= |boiling point K= |boiling point C= |boiling point F= |boiling point ref= |boiling point comment= |sublimation point K= |sublimation point C= |sublimation point F= |sublimation point ref= |sublimation point comment= |density gplstp= |density gplstp ref= |density gplstp comment= |density kgpm3stp= |density kgpm3stp ref= |density kgpm3stp comment= |density gpcm3nrt= |density gpcm3nrt ref= |density gpcm3nrt comment= |density gpcm3nrt 2= |density gpcm3nrt 2 ref= |density gpcm3nrt 2 comment= |density gpcm3nrt 3= |density gpcm3nrt 3 ref= |density gpcm3nrt 3 comment= |density gpcm3mp= |density gpcm3mp ref= |density gpcm3mp comment= |density gpcm3bp= |density gpcm3bp ref= |density gpcm3bp comment= |molar volume= |molar volume unit = |molar volume ref= |molar volume comment= |triple point K= |triple point kPa= |triple point ref= |triple point comment= |triple point K 2= |triple point kPa 2= |triple point 2 ref= |triple point 2 comment= |critical point K= |critical point MPa= |critical point ref= |critical point comment= |heat fusion= |heat fusion ref= |heat fusion comment= |heat fusion 2= |heat fusion 2 ref= |heat fusion 2 comment= |heat vaporization= |heat vaporization ref= |heat vaporization comment= |heat capacity= |heat capacity ref= |heat capacity comment= |heat capacity 2= |heat capacity 2 ref= |heat capacity 2 comment= |vapor pressure 1= |vapor pressure 10= |vapor pressure 100= |vapor pressure 1 k= |vapor pressure 10 k= |vapor pressure 100 k= |vapor pressure ref= |vapor pressure comment= |vapor pressure 1 2= |vapor pressure 10 2= |vapor pressure 100 2= |vapor pressure 1 k 2= |vapor pressure 10 k 2= |vapor pressure 100 k 2= |vapor pressure 2 ref= |vapor pressure 2 comment= <!-- Atomic properties --> |atomic properties comment= |electronegativity= |electronegativity ref= |electronegativity comment= |ionization energy 1= |ionization energy 1 ref= |ionization energy 1 comment= |ionization energy 2= |ionization energy 2 ref= |ionization energy 2 comment= |ionization energy 3= |ionization energy 3 ref= |ionization energy 3 comment= |number of ionization energies= |ionization energy ref= |ionization energy comment= |atomic radius= |atomic radius ref= |atomic radius comment= |atomic radius calculated= |atomic radius calculated ref= |atomic radius calculated comment= |covalent radius= |covalent radius ref= |covalent radius comment= |Van der Waals radius= |Van der Waals radius ref= |Van der Waals radius comment= <!-- Miscellanea --> |crystal structure= |crystal structure prefix= |crystal structure ref= |crystal structure comment= |crystal structure 2= |crystal structure 2 prefix= |crystal structure 2 ref= |crystal structure 2 comment= |speed of sound= |speed of sound ref= |speed of sound comment= |speed of sound rod at 20= |speed of sound rod at 20 ref= |speed of sound rod at 20 comment= |speed of sound rod at r.t.= |speed of sound rod at r.t. ref= |speed of sound rod at r.t. comment= |thermal expansion= |thermal expansion ref= |thermal expansion comment= |thermal expansion at 25= |thermal expansion at 25 ref= |thermal expansion at 25 comment= |thermal conductivity= |thermal conductivity ref= |thermal conductivity comment= |thermal conductivity 2= |thermal conductivity 2 ref= |thermal conductivity 2 comment= |thermal diffusivity= |thermal diffusivity ref= |thermal diffusivity comment= |electrical resistivity= |electrical resistivity unit prefix= |electrical resistivity ref= |electrical resistivity comment= |electrical resistivity at 0= |electrical resistivity at 0 ref= |electrical resistivity at 0 comment= |electrical resistivity at 20= |electrical resistivity at 20 ref= |electrical resistivity at 20 comment= |band gap= |band gap ref= |band gap comment= |Curie point K= |Curie point ref= |Curie point comment= |magnetic ordering= |magnetic ordering ref= |magnetic ordering comment= |tensile strength= |tensile strength ref= |tensile strength comment= |Young's modulus= |Young's modulus ref= |Young's modulus comment= |Shear modulus= |Shear modulus ref= |Shear modulus comment= |Bulk modulus= |Bulk modulus ref= |Bulk modulus comment= |Poisson ratio= |Poisson ratio ref= |Poisson ratio comment= |Mohs hardness= |Mohs hardness ref= |Mohs hardness comment= |Mohs hardness 2= |Mohs hardness 2 ref= |Mohs hardness 2 comment= |Vickers hardness= |Vickers hardness ref= |Vickers hardness comment= |Brinell hardness= |Brinell hardness ref= |Brinell hardness comment= |CAS number= |CAS number ref= |CAS number comment= <!-- History --> |naming= |predicted by= |prediction date ref= |prediction date= |discovered by= |discovery date ref= |discovery date= |first isolation by= |first isolation date ref= |first isolation date= |discovery and first isolation by= |named by= |named date ref= |named date= |history comment label= |history comment= <!-- Isotopes --> |isotopes= |isotopes ref= |isotopes comment= <!-- other --> |engvar= |QID= }} {{Infobox element}}; labels & notes:   (Image)       GENERAL PROPERTIES Name Symbol Pronunciation (data central)   Alternative name(s)   Allotropes Appearance <element> IN THE PERIODIC TABLE Periodic table       Atomic number Standard atomic weight (data central)   Element category (also header bg color)     (sets header bg color, over 'series='-color) Group     Period     Block     Electron configuration     Electrons per shell     PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (general note) Color Phase     Melting point         Boiling point         Sublimation point         Density [g/L at s.t.p.]     Density [kg/m3 at s.t.p.]     Density [g/cm3 near room temperature]      [g/cm3 near r.t.], #2      [g/cm3 near r.t.], #3     Density (liquid, melting point) [g/cm3]     Density (liquid, boiling point) [g/cm3]     Molar volume Unit defaults to cm3/mol  otherwise set unit prefix=d for dm3/mol (gases)   Triple point               Critical point       Heat of fusion           Heat of vaporization     Molar heat capacity           Vapor pressure               Vapor pressure               ATOMIC PROPERTIES Electronegativity     Ionization energy                       Atomic radius           Covalent radius     Van der Waals radius     MISCELLANEA Crystal structure       Crystal structure       Speed of sound                 Thermal expansion           Thermal conductivity           Thermal diffusivity     Electrical resistivity                   Band gap     Curie point     Magnetic ordering     Tensile strength     Young's modulus     Shear modulus     Bulk modulus     Poisson ratio     Mohs hardness           Vickers hardness     Brinell hardness     CAS Number     HISTORY Naming Prediction   () Discovery   () First isolation   () Discovery and first isolation (1 or 2 dates) Named by   ()   (History comment) ISOTOPES OF <element> Isotopes of <element>   (wp:engvar)

Chemical element data sets

Infobox element reads data from these lists (not by parameter)

[]  Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Category (enwiki)
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
Natural occurence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Term symbol * (cmt, ref)
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2019-02-03) See also {{Infobox element/symbol-to--navbox}}

Subtemplates

Isotopes

Isotopes

|isotopes=none suppresses the table (-header). See E122, E124. E119 and higher do not have a page [[Isotopes of ...]]. Their infoboxes do not have a link then. Isotopes are to be entered by the editor usingin these subtemplates: {{Infobox element/isotopes stable}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3}} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay4}} Examples (from various elements): | isotopes = {{Infobox element/isotopes stable | link=Fluorine-19 | mn=19 | sym=F | na=100% | n=10 }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay | mn=251 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=898 y | dm=α | de=6.172 | link1=curium-247 | pn=247 | ps=Cm }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay2 | mn=252 | sym=Cf | na=trace | hl=2.645 y | dm1=α (96.91%) | de1=6.217 | link1=curium-248 | pn1=248 | ps1=Cm | dm2=SF (3.09%) | de2=– | pn2= | ps2=– }} {{Infobox element/isotopes decay3 | mn=26 | sym=Al | na=[[trace radioisotope|trace]] | hl=7.17×105 y | dm1=[[Positron emission|β<sup>+</sup>]] | de1=1.17 | link1=magnesium-26 | pn1=26 | ps1=Mg | dm2=[[electron capture|ε]] | de2=– | link2=magnesium-26 | pn2=26 | ps2=Mg | dm3=[[Gamma radiation|γ]] | de3=1.8086 | pn3= | ps3=– }} {{Infobox element/isotopes_decay4 | mn=260 | sym=Md | na=[[synthetic radioisotope|syn]] | hl=31.8 [[day|d]] | dm1=SF | de1=– | pn1= | ps1=– | dm2=α | de2=7.000 | link2=einsteinium-256 | pn2=256 | ps2=Es | dm3=ε | de3=– | link3=fermium-260 | pn3=260 | ps3=Fm | dm4=[[beta emission|β<sup>−</sup>]] | de4=1.000 | link4=nobelium-260 | pn4=260 | ps4=No }} |isotopes comment=reference{{sfn|Chisté|2006 }}<br/><!-- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- ---- --> * = [[excited state]] produces the subtable: Demo,  00Xx Demo Demo in the periodic table Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson {{{above}}} ↑ {{{symbol}}} ↓ {{{below}}} {{{left}}} ← demo → {{{right}}} Atomic number (Z) {{{number}}} Group group n/a Period [[Period {{{period}}} element|period {{{period}}}]] Block [[{{{block}}}-block]] Physical properties Atomic properties Other properties Main isotopes of demo Iso­tope Abun­dance Half-life (t1/2) Decay mode Pro­duct 19F 100% stable 251Cf trace 898 y α 247Cm 252Cf trace 2.645 y α (96.91%) 248Cm SF (3.09%) – 26Al trace 7.17×105 y β+ 26Mg ε 26Mg γ – 260Md syn 31.8 d SF – α 256Es ε 260Fm β− 260No reference * = excited state

Other

Other subtemplates are used automatically; they do not need specific editor's input.

• {{Infobox element/pronunciation}} (data)
• {{Infobox element/group}}
• {{Infobox element/standard atomic weight}}
• {{Infobox element/category format}}
• {{Infobox element/periodic table}} (extends period 8 when atomic number ≥ 119. See {{Infobox ununennium}}).

Bare Periodic table, micro

• {{Infobox element/spectral lines}}
• {{Infobox element/vapor pressure table}}
• {{Infobox element/crystal structure}}

English variant spellings (ENGVAR)

All element articles and their infoboxes use IUPAC spelling of elements and compounds. Notably, that is ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:FormattingError, not ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:FormattingError. For other English variant words (vapor vs. vapoUr) the infobox reads |engvar=. The parameter should be set in the article, and has options: en-US (or blank; default), en-GB, en-OED.

parameter	en-US (default)	en-GB	en-OED
color	color	coloUr	coloUr
heat vaporization	vaporiZation	vaporiSation	vaporiZation
vapor pressure	vapor	vapoUr	vapoUr
ionization energy	ioniZation	ioniSation	ioniZation
crystal structure (list)	-centEred	-centred	-centred
... oxidation-state/comment	parenthesized	brackets	brackets

Note, what is shown in the infobox is not influenced by the parameter name spelling, nor its input value.

See this demo for actual engvar effects.

Articles having engvar set: see Category:WikiProject Elements pages using ENGVAR (᱐)

TemplateData

TemplateData documentation used by VisualEditor and other tools

Note: TemplateData only basically for now, to get analysis going. 29 May 2017. Italic textSee the monthly error report for this template. TemplateData for ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ Infobox for chemical elements Template parameters[Edit template data] Parameter Description Type Status Brinell hardness comment Brinell hardness comment no description Unknown optional Brinell hardness ref Brinell hardness ref no description Unknown optional Brinell hardness Brinell hardness no description Unknown optional Bulk modulus comment Bulk modulus comment no description Unknown optional Bulk modulus ref Bulk modulus ref no description Unknown optional Bulk modulus Bulk modulus no description Unknown optional CAS number comment CAS number comment no description Unknown optional CAS number ref CAS number ref no description Unknown optional CAS number CAS number no description Unknown optional Curie point K Curie point K no description Unknown optional Curie point comment Curie point comment no description Unknown optional Curie point ref Curie point ref no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 comment Mohs hardness 2 comment no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 ref Mohs hardness 2 ref no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness 2 Mohs hardness 2 no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness comment Mohs hardness comment no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness ref Mohs hardness ref no description Unknown optional Mohs hardness Mohs hardness no description Unknown optional Poisson ratio comment Poisson ratio comment no description Unknown optional Poisson ratio ref Poisson ratio ref no description Unknown optional Poisson ratio Poisson ratio no description Unknown optional QID QID no description Unknown optional Shear modulus comment Shear modulus comment no description Unknown optional Shear modulus ref Shear modulus ref no description Unknown optional Shear modulus Shear modulus no description Unknown optional Van der Waals radius comment Van der Waals radius comment no description Unknown optional Van der Waals radius ref Van der Waals radius ref no description Unknown optional Van der Waals radius Van der Waals radius no description Unknown optional Vickers hardness comment Vickers hardness comment no description Unknown optional Vickers hardness ref Vickers hardness ref no description Unknown optional Vickers hardness Vickers hardness no description Unknown optional Young's modulus comment Young's modulus comment no description Unknown optional Young's modulus ref Young's modulus ref no description Unknown optional Young's modulus Young's modulus no description Unknown optional above above no description Unknown optional abundance in earth's crust abundance in earth's crust no description Unknown optional abundance in oceans abundance in oceans no description Unknown optional abundance in solar system abundance in solar system no description Unknown optional abundance abundance no description Unknown optional allotropes allotropes no description Unknown optional alt names alt names no description Unknown optional alt name alt name no description Unknown optional appearance appearance no description Unknown optional atomic properties comment atomic properties comment no description Unknown optional atomic properties atomic properties no description Unknown optional atomic radius calculated comment atomic radius calculated comment no description Unknown optional atomic radius calculated ref atomic radius calculated ref no description Unknown optional atomic radius calculated atomic radius calculated no description Unknown optional atomic radius comment atomic radius comment no description Unknown optional atomic radius ref atomic radius ref no description Unknown optional atomic radius atomic radius no description Unknown optional band gap comment band gap comment no description Unknown optional band gap ref band gap ref no description Unknown optional band gap band gap no description Unknown optional below below no description Unknown optional block comment block comment no description Unknown optional block ref block ref no description Unknown optional block block no description Unknown optional boiling point C boiling point C no description Unknown optional boiling point F boiling point F no description Unknown optional boiling point K boiling point K no description Unknown optional boiling point comment boiling point comment no description Unknown optional boiling point ref boiling point ref no description Unknown optional category color category color no description Unknown optional category comment category comment no description Unknown optional category ref category ref no description Unknown optional category category no description Unknown optional color color no description Unknown optional conventional atomic weight conventional atomic weight no description Unknown optional covalent radius comment covalent radius comment no description Unknown optional covalent radius ref covalent radius ref no description Unknown optional covalent radius covalent radius no description Unknown optional critical point K critical point K no description Unknown optional critical point MPa critical point MPa no description Unknown optional critical point comment critical point comment no description Unknown optional critical point ref critical point ref no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 comment crystal structure 2 comment no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 prefix crystal structure 2 prefix no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 ref crystal structure 2 ref no description Unknown optional crystal structure 2 crystal structure 2 no description Unknown optional crystal structure comment crystal structure comment no description Unknown optional crystal structure prefix crystal structure prefix no description Unknown optional crystal structure ref crystal structure ref no description Unknown optional crystal structure crystal structure no description Unknown optional density gpcm3bp comment density gpcm3bp comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3bp ref density gpcm3bp ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3bp density gpcm3bp no description Unknown optional density gpcm3mp comment density gpcm3mp comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3mp ref density gpcm3mp ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3mp density gpcm3mp no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 comment density gpcm3nrt 2 comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 ref density gpcm3nrt 2 ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 2 density gpcm3nrt 2 no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 comment density gpcm3nrt 3 comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 ref density gpcm3nrt 3 ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt 3 density gpcm3nrt 3 no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt comment density gpcm3nrt comment no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt ref density gpcm3nrt ref no description Unknown optional density gpcm3nrt density gpcm3nrt no description Unknown optional density gplstp comment density gplstp comment no description Unknown optional density gplstp ref density gplstp ref no description Unknown optional density gplstp density gplstp no description Unknown optional discovered by discovered by no description Unknown optional discovery and first isolation by discovery and first isolation by no description Unknown optional discovery date ref discovery date ref no description Unknown optional discovery date discovery date no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 comment electrical resistivity at 0 comment no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 ref electrical resistivity at 0 ref no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 0 electrical resistivity at 0 no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 comment electrical resistivity at 20 comment no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 ref electrical resistivity at 20 ref no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity at 20 electrical resistivity at 20 no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity comment electrical resistivity comment no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity ref electrical resistivity ref no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity unit prefix electrical resistivity unit prefix no description Unknown optional electrical resistivity electrical resistivity no description Unknown optional electron configuration comment electron configuration comment no description Unknown optional electron configuration ref electron configuration ref no description Unknown optional electron configuration electron configuration no description Unknown optional electronegativity comment electronegativity comment no description Unknown optional electronegativity ref electronegativity ref no description Unknown optional electronegativity electronegativity no description Unknown optional electrons per shell comment electrons per shell comment no description Unknown optional electrons per shell ref electrons per shell ref no description Unknown optional electrons per shell electrons per shell no description Unknown optional engvar engvar no description Unknown optional first isolation by first isolation by no description Unknown optional first isolation date ref first isolation date ref no description Unknown optional first isolation date first isolation date no description Unknown optional group comment group comment no description Unknown optional group ref group ref no description Unknown optional group group no description Unknown optional heat capacity 2 comment heat capacity 2 comment no description Unknown optional heat capacity 2 ref heat capacity 2 ref no description Unknown optional heat capacity 2 heat capacity 2 no description Unknown optional heat capacity comment heat capacity comment no description Unknown optional heat capacity ref heat capacity ref no description Unknown optional heat capacity heat capacity no description Unknown optional heat fusion 2 comment heat fusion 2 comment no description Unknown optional heat fusion 2 ref heat fusion 2 ref no description Unknown optional heat fusion 2 heat fusion 2 no description Unknown optional heat fusion comment heat fusion comment no description Unknown optional heat fusion ref heat fusion ref no description Unknown optional heat fusion heat fusion no description Unknown optional heat vaporization comment heat vaporization comment no description Unknown optional heat vaporization ref heat vaporization ref no description Unknown optional heat vaporization heat vaporization no description Unknown optional hideisotopes hideisotopes no description Unknown optional history comment label history comment label no description Unknown optional history comment history comment no description Unknown optional image alt 2 image alt 2 no description Unknown optional image alt image alt no description Unknown optional image name 2 comment image name 2 comment no description Unknown optional image name 2 image name 2 no description Unknown optional image name comment image name comment no description Unknown optional image name image name no description Unknown optional image size 2 image size 2 no description Unknown optional image size image size no description Unknown optional ionization energy 1 comment ionization energy 1 comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy 1 ref ionization energy 1 ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy 1 ionization energy 1 no description Unknown optional ionization energy 2 comment ionization energy 2 comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy 2 ref ionization energy 2 ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy 2 ionization energy 2 no description Unknown optional ionization energy 3 comment ionization energy 3 comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy 3 ref ionization energy 3 ref no description Unknown optional ionization energy 3 ionization energy 3 no description Unknown optional ionization energy comment ionization energy comment no description Unknown optional ionization energy ref ionization energy ref no description Unknown optional isotopes comment isotopes comment no description Unknown optional isotopes ref isotopes ref no description Unknown optional isotopes isotopes no description Unknown optional left left no description Unknown optional magnetic ordering comment magnetic ordering comment no description Unknown optional magnetic ordering ref magnetic ordering ref no description Unknown optional magnetic ordering magnetic ordering no description Unknown optional magnetic susceptibility ref magnetic susceptibility ref no description Unknown optional magnetic susceptibility magnetic susceptibility no description Unknown optional mass number mass number no description Unknown optional melting point C melting point C no description Unknown optional melting point F melting point F no description Unknown optional melting point K melting point K no description Unknown optional melting point comment melting point comment no description Unknown optional melting point ref melting point ref no description Unknown optional molar volume comment molar volume comment no description Unknown optional molar volume ref molar volume ref no description Unknown optional molar volume unit molar volume unit no description Unknown optional molar volume molar volume no description Unknown optional named by named by no description Unknown optional named date ref named date ref no description Unknown optional named date named date no description Unknown optional name name no description Unknown optional naming naming no description Unknown optional number of ionization energies number of ionization energies no description Unknown optional number number no description Unknown optional period comment period comment no description Unknown optional period ref period ref no description Unknown optional period period no description Unknown optional phase comment phase comment no description Unknown optional phase ref phase ref no description Unknown optional physical properties comment physical properties comment no description Unknown optional physical properties physical properties no description Unknown optional predicted by predicted by no description Unknown optional prediction date ref prediction date ref no description Unknown optional prediction date prediction date no description Unknown optional prediction date prediction date no description Unknown optional pronounce 2 pronounce 2 no description Unknown optional pronounce comment pronounce comment no description Unknown optional pronounce ref pronounce ref no description Unknown optional pronounce pronounce no description Unknown optional proposed name proposed name no description Unknown optional right right no description Unknown optional speed of sound comment speed of sound comment no description Unknown optional speed of sound ref speed of sound ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 comment speed of sound rod at 20 comment no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 ref speed of sound rod at 20 ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at 20 speed of sound rod at 20 no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. comment speed of sound rod at r.t. comment no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. ref speed of sound rod at r.t. ref no description Unknown optional speed of sound rod at r.t. speed of sound rod at r.t. no description Unknown optional speed of sound speed of sound no description Unknown optional standard atomic weight ref standard atomic weight ref no description Unknown optional standard atomic weight standard atomic weight no description Unknown optional sublimation point C sublimation point C no description Unknown optional sublimation point F sublimation point F no description Unknown optional sublimation point K sublimation point K no description Unknown optional sublimation point comment sublimation point comment no description Unknown optional sublimation point ref sublimation point ref no description Unknown optional symbol symbol no description Unknown optional tensile strength comment tensile strength comment no description Unknown optional tensile strength ref tensile strength ref no description Unknown optional tensile strength tensile strength no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 comment thermal conductivity 2 comment no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 ref thermal conductivity 2 ref no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity 2 thermal conductivity 2 no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity comment thermal conductivity comment no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity ref thermal conductivity ref no description Unknown optional thermal conductivity thermal conductivity no description Unknown optional thermal diffusivity comment thermal diffusivity comment no description Unknown optional thermal diffusivity ref thermal diffusivity ref no description Unknown optional thermal diffusivity thermal diffusivity no description Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 comment thermal expansion at 25 comment no description Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 ref thermal expansion at 25 ref no description Unknown optional thermal expansion at 25 thermal expansion at 25 no description Unknown optional thermal expansion comment thermal expansion comment no description Unknown optional thermal expansion ref thermal expansion ref no description Unknown optional thermal expansion thermal expansion no description Unknown optional triple point 2 comment triple point 2 comment no description Unknown optional triple point 2 ref triple point 2 ref no description Unknown optional triple point K 2 triple point K 2 no description Unknown optional triple point K triple point K no description Unknown optional triple point comment triple point comment no description Unknown optional triple point kPa 2 triple point kPa 2 no description Unknown optional triple point kPa triple point kPa no description Unknown optional triple point ref triple point ref no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 2 vapor pressure 1 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 k 2 vapor pressure 1 k 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 k vapor pressure 1 k no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 2 vapor pressure 10 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 k 2 vapor pressure 10 k 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 k vapor pressure 10 k no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 2 vapor pressure 100 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 k 2 vapor pressure 100 k 2 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 k vapor pressure 100 k no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 100 vapor pressure 100 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 10 vapor pressure 10 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 1 vapor pressure 1 no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 2 comment vapor pressure 2 comment no description Unknown optional vapor pressure 2 ref vapor pressure 2 ref no description Unknown optional vapor pressure comment vapor pressure comment no description Unknown optional vapor pressure ref vapor pressure ref no description Unknown optional

See also

• {{Infobox element}}
• Infobox element/testcases-all-params
• All subpages of Template:Infobox element
• {{Infobox element/element navigation}} (usefull links in top of this page)

Tracking categories

• Category:Element infobox templates that need attention (᱒)
• Category:Pages using infobox element with unknown parameters (᱕)

Index by periodic table

Error using Template:Index to chemical element pages. This template should not be used in articles.

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ᱛᱟᱨᱟᱞ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ (helium)

ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ

ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ (ᱤᱝᱞᱤᱥ: helium) ᱢᱤᱫ ᱨᱟᱥᱟᱭᱱᱤᱠ ᱛᱟᱛᱣᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱤᱥᱠᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱥᱮ ᱱᱚᱵᱮᱞ ᱜᱮᱥ (noble gas) ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱚᱝᱦᱤᱱ, ᱜᱚᱸᱫᱷᱤᱱ, ᱪᱟᱠᱷᱟᱣᱟᱱ, ᱵᱤᱥᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ (ᱱᱚᱱ ᱴᱚᱠᱥᱤᱠ) ᱦᱚᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱩ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱒ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱟᱛᱣᱚ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱣᱚᱛᱷᱱᱟᱸᱠ (boiling point) ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱜ (melting point) ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱫᱨᱚᱣᱚᱭ ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱯᱚᱫᱟᱨᱛᱷ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ; ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱪᱟᱞᱟᱠ ᱛᱟᱨ ᱫᱚ ᱑.᱙ ᱰᱤᱜᱨᱤ ᱠᱮᱞᱣᱤᱱ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱨᱮᱭᱟᱲ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱾

ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱚᱠᱨᱤᱭᱚ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱟᱥᱚᱞ ᱜᱷᱟᱨᱚᱸᱡ ᱠᱟᱱᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱪᱤᱛᱟᱹᱨ He, ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱩ ᱦᱟᱢᱟᱞ ᱔, ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱩ ᱮᱞᱮᱞ ᱒, ᱜᱷᱚᱱᱚᱛᱣᱚ ᱐.᱒᱗᱘᱕, ᱠᱨᱚᱸᱛᱤ ᱵᱷᱟᱯ - ᱒᱖᱗.᱐᱐ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱟᱞᱟᱱᱚᱸᱠ ᱫᱟᱵᱟᱣ ᱒᱒᱓ ᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱸᱰᱟᱞ, ᱠᱣᱟᱛᱷᱱᱚᱸᱠ -᱒᱓᱗.᱙᱐ ᱥᱮ. ᱟᱨ ᱜᱟᱞᱱᱟᱸᱠ -᱒᱗᱒ ᱰᱤᱜᱨᱤ ᱥᱮ. ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱟᱨᱭᱟ ᱥᱛᱷᱟᱭᱤ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ He3, ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱩ ᱫᱨᱣᱭᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱓.᱐᱒᱗᱐ ᱟᱨ He4, ᱯᱟᱨᱢᱟᱱᱩ ᱫᱨᱣᱭᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱔.᱐᱐᱓᱙ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱟᱨᱟᱭᱟ ᱥᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱥᱛᱷᱟᱱᱤᱠ He5, ᱯᱨᱢᱟᱱᱣᱤᱠ ᱫᱨᱣᱭᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱔.᱐᱒᱓᱗ ᱟᱨ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱣ He6, ᱯᱨᱢᱟᱱᱣᱤᱠ ᱫᱨᱣᱭᱟᱢᱟᱱ ᱖.᱐᱒᱗ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾

ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ

᱑᱘᱖᱘ ᱤᱥᱣᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱥᱚᱨᱣᱜᱨᱟᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱡᱟᱭᱜᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱨᱟᱜ ᱵᱟᱨᱱᱢᱟᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱞᱟᱭᱩᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱥᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱟᱥᱟᱝ ᱨᱮᱠᱷᱟ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱡᱩᱫᱟ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱡᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱰᱤ᱓ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱞᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮ. ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱭᱟᱨ (Norman Lockyer) ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱭ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱰᱤ᱓ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱡᱮ. ᱱᱚᱨᱢᱟᱱ ᱞᱚᱠᱭᱟᱨ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱠᱩᱲᱟᱭ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱴᱮᱨ ᱮᱱᱟᱭ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱠᱟᱷ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱛᱣᱚ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱩᱱᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ (ᱜᱨᱤᱠ ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ, ᱟᱹᱲᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱨ) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢ ᱦᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱫᱚᱦᱚ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱑᱘᱙᱕ ᱤᱥᱣᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱨ ᱣᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱮᱱ (William Ramsay) ᱫᱚ ᱠᱞᱤᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱱᱟᱢᱟᱠ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱤᱫᱷ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾ ᱠᱞᱤᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱫᱚ ᱛᱟᱱᱩ ᱥᱟᱞᱯᱷᱭᱩᱨᱤᱠ ᱮᱥᱤᱰ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱣᱤᱣᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱚ ᱱᱤᱨᱣᱚᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱞᱚᱞᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱒᱐ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱟᱛ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱨᱚᱡᱟᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱱᱟᱭᱤᱴᱨᱚᱡᱟᱱ ᱠᱚ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱯᱮᱠᱴᱨᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱤ᱓ ᱞᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ᱾ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱩᱞᱠᱟ ᱞᱚᱦ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱴᱮᱣᱟᱨᱥ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱩᱨᱩᱢᱩᱴᱩ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱥᱩᱪᱷᱢᱚᱛᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱤᱱᱤᱰ ᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱠᱤᱱ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱠᱮᱫᱟ ᱡᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱦᱟᱣᱟᱢᱟᱸᱰᱟᱞ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱨᱟᱢᱡᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱯᱷᱨᱮᱰᱮᱨᱤᱠ ᱥᱚᱰᱤ ᱛᱤᱠᱤᱱ ᱨᱮᱰᱤᱭᱚ ᱮᱠᱴᱤᱣ ᱯᱚᱫᱟᱨᱛᱷ ᱠᱚ ᱟᱡ ᱛᱮ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱦᱟᱣᱟ ᱢᱟᱸᱰᱟᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱟᱨᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱰᱤᱝ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱨᱮ (᱑᱘,᱖᱐᱐ ᱨᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱦᱟᱹᱴᱤᱧ), ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱱ ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱠᱷᱟᱭᱛᱹᱱᱤᱡ, ᱪᱮᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱵᱚᱜᱮᱨᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱟᱨ ᱢᱚᱱᱮᱡᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱢᱚᱱᱚᱡᱟᱭᱤᱴ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱮᱹᱴᱤ ᱵᱮᱠᱨᱤ ᱦᱩᱤᱚᱣᱟᱛ ᱛᱮᱨᱛᱟᱱᱟᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱜᱨᱟᱢ ᱒ ᱜᱷᱟᱱ ᱥᱮᱢᱤ ᱧᱟᱢᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾ ᱯᱮᱴᱨᱚᱞᱤᱭᱟᱢ ᱠᱩᱯ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱚᱰᱚᱜ ᱡᱟ ᱜᱮᱥ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱛᱨᱚ ᱒ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱟᱛ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱤᱫᱤᱠᱟᱛᱮᱜ ᱘ ᱯᱨᱚᱛᱤᱥᱟᱛ ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱧᱟᱢ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟ᱾

ᱱᱚᱸᱰᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱧᱮᱞᱢᱮ

•ᱥᱤᱞᱤᱠᱟᱱ
•ᱦᱟᱭᱰᱨᱳᱡᱟᱱ

ᱵᱟᱦᱨᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ

• The Periodic Table of Videos - Helium
• US Government' Bureau of Land Management: Sources, Refinement, and Shortage. With some History of Helium.
• U.S. Geological Survey Publicationson Helium Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱘-᱐᱙-᱑᱖ at the Wayback Machine. beginning 1996
• It's Elemental – Helium Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱐᱖-᱒᱓ at the Wayback Machine.

ᱯᱩᱨᱟ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ

• Helium Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱕-᱐᱔-᱑᱒ at the Wayback Machine. at the Helsinki University of Technology; includes pressure-temperature phase diagrams for helium-3 and helium-4
• Lancaster University, Ultra Low Temperature Physics - includes a summary of some low temperature techniques

ᱟᱨ ᱮᱢᱟᱠᱟᱱ

• Physics in Speech Archived ᱒᱐᱐᱔-᱑᱒-᱑᱐ at the Wayback Machine. with audio samples that demonstrate the unchanged voice pitch
• Article about helium and other noble gases
• Ebyte article on helium scarcity and potential effects on NMR and MRI communities