Νόμος και Δικαιοσύνη (Πολωνία)

Νόμος και Δικαιοσύνη
Νόμος και Δικαιοσύνη; Prawo i Sprawiedliwość
Πρόεδρος	Γιάροσλαβ Καζίνσκι
Ιδρυτές	Λεχ Καζίνσκι; Γιάροσλαβ Καζίνσκι
Ίδρυση	13 Ιουνίου 2001
Έδρα	ul. Nowogrodzka 84/86 Βαρσοβία
Ιδεολογία	Εθνικός συντηρητισμός; Οικονομικός παρεμβατισμός; Κοινωνικός συντηρητισμός; Ευρωσκεπτικισμός; Πολιτικός κληρικαλισμός
Πολιτικό φάσμα	Δεξιά; Ριζοσπαστική δεξιά; Συγκρητισμός Κεντροαριστερά (οικονομία); Δεξιά/Ριζοσπαστική δεξιά (κοινωνία);
Ευρωπαϊκή προσχώρηση	Ευρωπαίοι Συντηρητικοί και Μεταρρυθμιστές
Ομάδα Ευρωπαϊκού Κοινοβουλίου	Ευρωπαίοι Συντηρητικοί και Μεταρρυθμιστές
Σέιμ	180 / 460
Γερουσία	34 / 100
Ευρωπαϊκό Κοινοβούλιο	20 / 53
Ιστότοπος
	pis.org.pl
	Πολιτικό σύστημα Πολωνίας; Πολιτικά κόμματα; Εκλογές

Το Νόμος και Δικαιοσύνη (πολ. Prawo i Sprawiedliwość) είναι πολωνικό εθνικό συντηρητικό πολιτικό κόμμα.^[2]

Το κόμμα ιδρύθηκε το 2001 από τους δίδυμους αδερφούς Λεχ και Γιαροσλάβ Κατσίνσκι ύστερα από διάσπαση της Εκλογικής Δράσης Αλληλεγγύης και με τη συμμετοχή της χριστιανοδημοκρατικής Συμφωνίας Κέντρου. Το κόμμα κέρδισε τις εκλογές του 2005, με τον Λεχ Κατσίνσκι να γίνεται πρόεδρος και τον Γιάροσλαβ Κατσίνσκι να γίνεται πρωθυπουργός της χώρας μέχρι το 2007, οπότε και το κόμμα βγήκε δεύτερο μετά την Πολιτική Πλατφόρμα. Ορισμένα ηγετικά στελέχη του κόμματος, μεταξύ αυτών και ο Λεχ Κατσίνσκι, σκοτώθηκαν στην συντριβή αεροσκάφους στο Σμόλενσκ το 2010.

Το πρόγραμμα βασίζεται στις αρχές κατά της διαφθοράς και στον συντηρητισμό, καθώς και στην αρχή του νόμου και της τάξης. Τάσσεται υπέρ του οικονομικού παρεμβατισμού, ενώ διατηρεί και μία κοινωνικά συντηρητική στάση με την οποία πλησίασε περισσότερο την Καθολική Εκκλησία. Η καθολική-εθνικιστική πτέρυγα του κόμματος αποχώρησε από αυτό και ίδρυσε το 2011 το κόμμα Ενωμένη Πολωνία. Το κόμμα είναι ήπια ευρωσκεπτικιστικό, ενώ είναι μέλος των αντι-φεντεραλιστών Ευρωπαίων Συντηρητικών και Μεταρρυθμιστών.

Στις βουλευτικές εκλογές του 2015 αναδείχθηκε νικητής και κέρδισε αυτοδυναμία.

Σημειώσεις

↑ Το κόμμα, ταυτόχρονα με τις συντηρητικές πολιτικές τοποθετείται ως κεντρώο ή ακόμη και "τείνοντας προς τα αριστερά" σε οικονομικά ζητήματα, δηλαδή στα κεντροαριστερά όσον αφορά οικονομικά ζητήματα και κοινωνικές πολιτικές^[1] και προς τα συντηρητικά σε ό,τι αφορά την κοινωνία.

Παραπομπές

↑
- Schieder, Andreas; Andor, László; Maltschnig, Maria; Skrzypek, Ania (2022). «Progressive proposals for the turbulent times: How to boost the political, organizational and electoral potential». Next Left (Foundation for European Progressive Studies and Karl-Renner-Institut) 13: 56. ISBN 978-2-930769-78-3. https://feps-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Next-Left-Volume-13.pdf. «"... following the Polish Law and Justice party, favouring an economically left-wing agenda."».
- Chowaniec, Urszula; Mazierska, Ewa; Mole, Richard (1 June 2021). «Queer(in)g Poland in the 21st Century: How Was It at the Beginning of the Millennium? Introduction to This Special Issue on Queer Culture and the LGBTQ+ Movement in Poland». Central Europe (Taylor & Francis) 19 (1): 5. doi:10.1080/14790963.2021.1920131. «"... Jarosław Kaczynski’s party won the parliamentary election with his party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Peace and Justice), which was economically left-wing, but socially on the right: a mixture which has ensured its continuing political success."».
- Heinö, Andreas Johansson (April 2024). «Authoritarian Populism Index». Timbro (European Policy Information Center): 247. https://www.epicenternetwork.eu/publications/timbro-authoritarian-populism-index-2024/. «"Over its eight years in power, PiS eroded democratic structures in Poland. Additionally, the party has articulated a clear nationalism and adopted staunchly conservative positions on various social issues such as LGBTQ rights and abortion rights. In economic policy, the party has positioned itself slightly left of center, consistently investing in welfare, social transfers, and the like."».
- Snegovaya, Maria (2024). When Left Moves Right: The Decline of the Left and the Rise of the Populist Right in Postcommunist Europe. Oxford University Press. σελ. 146. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197699027.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-769902-7. By positioning itself as a culturally rightist but economically leftist party, PiS attracted voters who in the past may have voted for the left.
- Snegovaya, Maria (2018). Ex-Communist Party Choices and the Electoral Success of the Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe (PDF) (Διδακτορική διατριβή). Columbia University. σελίδες 1–2. Interestingly, this mixture of socialist and conservative attitudes in the electoral platforms of these parties and politicians does not fit the usual left-right divide. For example, while the Slovak National Party, Jobbik in Hungary, or Law and Justice in Poland are often referred to as “radical right” parties, their economic programs are as leftwing as those of many old left parties.
- Illés, Gergő Dávid (2022). «The Europeanisation of EU Railway Policy: Hungarian and Polish strategies for adopting the political pillar of the EU's Fourth Railway Package». European Politics and Society (Kraków): 24. https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/177613/120424612.pdf?sequence=1. «PiS is economically left-wing, somewhat opposes deregulation, but strongly favours state intervention and protectionism.».
- Outhwaite, William· Turner, Stephen (2023). The SAGE Handbook of Political Sociology. 1. SAGE Publications. σελ. 112. ISBN 978-1-4739-1946-4. And this makes sense, given that many such parties (e.g. the National Front in France, the Law and Justice Party in Poland) offer platforms combining socially conservative policies on crime and immigration with economically leftist policies on trade and welfare.
- Gostyńska-Jakubowska, Agata (10 Οκτωβρίου 2019). «Four Questions on the Polish Parliamentary Elections». Centre for European Reform. All polling suggests that the current governing party – the socially conservative and economically left-leaning Law and Justice (PiS) party – will remain the largest political bloc.
- Sobczak, Paweł· Goettig, Marcin (6 Οκτωβρίου 2016). «Polish parliament rejects near-total abortion ban after protests». Reuters. Since winning a parliamentary majority last October, the economically left-leaning PiS has appeared firmly in control, thanks to a mix of generous welfare payouts, promises to help poorer Poles and nationalist rhetoric laced with Catholic piety.
- Fagan, Adam· Kopecký, Petr (2017). The Routledge Handbook of East European Politics (1st έκδοση). Routledge. σελ. 2018. ISBN 9780367500092. The weakening of ex-communist parties in Hungary and Poland coincided with the rise of economically left-leaning but socially conservative parties - Fidesz and Law and Justice (PiS), respectively.
- Koch, Cédric M. (2021). «Varieties of populism and the challenges to Global Constitutionalism: Dangers, promises and implications». Global Constitutionalism (Cambridge University Press) 10 (3): 415–418. doi:10.1017/S2045381719000455. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/72C6D827F42A8E7A963D72B8B2F1E7F0/S2045381719000455a.pdf/varieties_of_populism_and_the_challenges_to_global_constitutionalism_dangers_promises_and_implications.pdf.
↑ «Parties and Elections in Europe». www.parties-and-elections.eu.

Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι

Επίσημη ιστοσελίδα

Αυτό το λήμμα σχετικά με την Πολιτική επιστήμη ή την Πολιτική χρειάζεται επέκταση. Μπορείτε να βοηθήσετε την Βικιπαίδεια επεκτείνοντάς το.

[2] Το κόμμα, ταυτόχρονα με τις συντηρητικές πολιτικές τοποθετείται ως κεντρώο ή ακόμη και "τείνοντας προς τα αριστερά" σε οικονομικά ζητήματα, δηλαδή στα κεντροαριστερά όσον αφορά οικονομικά ζητήματα και κοινωνικές πολιτικές^[1] και προς τα συντηρητικά σε ό,τι αφορά την κοινωνία.

[1] 
Schieder, Andreas; Andor, László; Maltschnig, Maria; Skrzypek, Ania (2022). «Progressive proposals for the turbulent times: How to boost the political, organizational and electoral potential». Next Left (Foundation for European Progressive Studies and Karl-Renner-Institut) 13: 56. ISBN 978-2-930769-78-3. https://feps-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Next-Left-Volume-13.pdf. «"... following the Polish Law and Justice party, favouring an economically left-wing agenda."».

Chowaniec, Urszula; Mazierska, Ewa; Mole, Richard (1 June 2021). «Queer(in)g Poland in the 21st Century: How Was It at the Beginning of the Millennium? Introduction to This Special Issue on Queer Culture and the LGBTQ+ Movement in Poland». Central Europe (Taylor & Francis) 19 (1): 5. doi:10.1080/14790963.2021.1920131. «"... Jarosław Kaczynski’s party won the parliamentary election with his party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Peace and Justice), which was economically left-wing, but socially on the right: a mixture which has ensured its continuing political success."».

Heinö, Andreas Johansson (April 2024). «Authoritarian Populism Index». Timbro (European Policy Information Center): 247. https://www.epicenternetwork.eu/publications/timbro-authoritarian-populism-index-2024/. «"Over its eight years in power, PiS eroded democratic structures in Poland. Additionally, the party has articulated a clear nationalism and adopted staunchly conservative positions on various social issues such as LGBTQ rights and abortion rights. In economic policy, the party has positioned itself slightly left of center, consistently investing in welfare, social transfers, and the like."».

Snegovaya, Maria (2024). When Left Moves Right: The Decline of the Left and the Rise of the Populist Right in Postcommunist Europe. Oxford University Press. σελ. 146. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197699027.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-769902-7. By positioning itself as a culturally rightist but economically leftist party, PiS attracted voters who in the past may have voted for the left.

Snegovaya, Maria (2018). Ex-Communist Party Choices and the Electoral Success of the Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe (PDF) (Διδακτορική διατριβή). Columbia University. σελίδες 1–2. Interestingly, this mixture of socialist and conservative attitudes in the electoral platforms of these parties and politicians does not fit the usual left-right divide. For example, while the Slovak National Party, Jobbik in Hungary, or Law and Justice in Poland are often referred to as “radical right” parties, their economic programs are as leftwing as those of many old left parties.

Illés, Gergő Dávid (2022). «The Europeanisation of EU Railway Policy: Hungarian and Polish strategies for adopting the political pillar of the EU's Fourth Railway Package». European Politics and Society (Kraków): 24. https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/177613/120424612.pdf?sequence=1. «PiS is economically left-wing, somewhat opposes deregulation, but strongly favours state intervention and protectionism.».

Outhwaite, William· Turner, Stephen (2023). The SAGE Handbook of Political Sociology. 1. SAGE Publications. σελ. 112. ISBN 978-1-4739-1946-4. And this makes sense, given that many such parties (e.g. the National Front in France, the Law and Justice Party in Poland) offer platforms combining socially conservative policies on crime and immigration with economically leftist policies on trade and welfare.

Gostyńska-Jakubowska, Agata (10 Οκτωβρίου 2019). «Four Questions on the Polish Parliamentary Elections». Centre for European Reform. All polling suggests that the current governing party – the socially conservative and economically left-leaning Law and Justice (PiS) party – will remain the largest political bloc.

Sobczak, Paweł· Goettig, Marcin (6 Οκτωβρίου 2016). «Polish parliament rejects near-total abortion ban after protests». Reuters. Since winning a parliamentary majority last October, the economically left-leaning PiS has appeared firmly in control, thanks to a mix of generous welfare payouts, promises to help poorer Poles and nationalist rhetoric laced with Catholic piety.

Fagan, Adam· Kopecký, Petr (2017). The Routledge Handbook of East European Politics (1st έκδοση). Routledge. σελ. 2018. ISBN 9780367500092. The weakening of ex-communist parties in Hungary and Poland coincided with the rise of economically left-leaning but socially conservative parties - Fidesz and Law and Justice (PiS), respectively.

Koch, Cédric M. (2021). «Varieties of populism and the challenges to Global Constitutionalism: Dangers, promises and implications». Global Constitutionalism (Cambridge University Press) 10 (3): 415–418. doi:10.1017/S2045381719000455. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/72C6D827F42A8E7A963D72B8B2F1E7F0/S2045381719000455a.pdf/varieties_of_populism_and_the_challenges_to_global_constitutionalism_dangers_promises_and_implications.pdf.

[mwNQ] Schieder, Andreas; Andor, László; Maltschnig, Maria; Skrzypek, Ania (2022). «Progressive proposals for the turbulent times: How to boost the political, organizational and electoral potential». Next Left (Foundation for European Progressive Studies and Karl-Renner-Institut) 13: 56. ISBN 978-2-930769-78-3. https://feps-europe.eu/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Next-Left-Volume-13.pdf. «"... following the Polish Law and Justice party, favouring an economically left-wing agenda."».

[mwVA] Chowaniec, Urszula; Mazierska, Ewa; Mole, Richard (1 June 2021). «Queer(in)g Poland in the 21st Century: How Was It at the Beginning of the Millennium? Introduction to This Special Issue on Queer Culture and the LGBTQ+ Movement in Poland». Central Europe (Taylor & Francis) 19 (1): 5. doi:10.1080/14790963.2021.1920131. «"... Jarosław Kaczynski’s party won the parliamentary election with his party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Peace and Justice), which was economically left-wing, but socially on the right: a mixture which has ensured its continuing political success."».

[mwbg] Heinö, Andreas Johansson (April 2024). «Authoritarian Populism Index». Timbro (European Policy Information Center): 247. https://www.epicenternetwork.eu/publications/timbro-authoritarian-populism-index-2024/. «"Over its eight years in power, PiS eroded democratic structures in Poland. Additionally, the party has articulated a clear nationalism and adopted staunchly conservative positions on various social issues such as LGBTQ rights and abortion rights. In economic policy, the party has positioned itself slightly left of center, consistently investing in welfare, social transfers, and the like."».

[mwfw] Snegovaya, Maria (2024). When Left Moves Right: The Decline of the Left and the Rise of the Populist Right in Postcommunist Europe. Oxford University Press. σελ. 146. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197699027.001.0001. ISBN 978-0-19-769902-7. By positioning itself as a culturally rightist but economically leftist party, PiS attracted voters who in the past may have voted for the left.

[mwjQ] Snegovaya, Maria (2018). Ex-Communist Party Choices and the Electoral Success of the Radical Right in Central and Eastern Europe (PDF) (Διδακτορική διατριβή). Columbia University. σελίδες 1–2. Interestingly, this mixture of socialist and conservative attitudes in the electoral platforms of these parties and politicians does not fit the usual left-right divide. For example, while the Slovak National Party, Jobbik in Hungary, or Law and Justice in Poland are often referred to as “radical right” parties, their economic programs are as leftwing as those of many old left parties.

[mwmA] Illés, Gergő Dávid (2022). «The Europeanisation of EU Railway Policy: Hungarian and Polish strategies for adopting the political pillar of the EU's Fourth Railway Package». European Politics and Society (Kraków): 24. https://dspace.cuni.cz/bitstream/handle/20.500.11956/177613/120424612.pdf?sequence=1. «PiS is economically left-wing, somewhat opposes deregulation, but strongly favours state intervention and protectionism.».

[mwqQ] Outhwaite, William· Turner, Stephen (2023). The SAGE Handbook of Political Sociology. 1. SAGE Publications. σελ. 112. ISBN 978-1-4739-1946-4. And this makes sense, given that many such parties (e.g. the National Front in France, the Law and Justice Party in Poland) offer platforms combining socially conservative policies on crime and immigration with economically leftist policies on trade and welfare.

[mwtw] Gostyńska-Jakubowska, Agata (10 Οκτωβρίου 2019). «Four Questions on the Polish Parliamentary Elections». Centre for European Reform. All polling suggests that the current governing party – the socially conservative and economically left-leaning Law and Justice (PiS) party – will remain the largest political bloc.

[mwwA] Sobczak, Paweł· Goettig, Marcin (6 Οκτωβρίου 2016). «Polish parliament rejects near-total abortion ban after protests». Reuters. Since winning a parliamentary majority last October, the economically left-leaning PiS has appeared firmly in control, thanks to a mix of generous welfare payouts, promises to help poorer Poles and nationalist rhetoric laced with Catholic piety.

[mwyg] Fagan, Adam· Kopecký, Petr (2017). The Routledge Handbook of East European Politics (1st έκδοση). Routledge. σελ. 2018. ISBN 9780367500092. The weakening of ex-communist parties in Hungary and Poland coincided with the rise of economically left-leaning but socially conservative parties - Fidesz and Law and Justice (PiS), respectively.

[mw1g] Koch, Cédric M. (2021). «Varieties of populism and the challenges to Global Constitutionalism: Dangers, promises and implications». Global Constitutionalism (Cambridge University Press) 10 (3): 415–418. doi:10.1017/S2045381719000455. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/72C6D827F42A8E7A963D72B8B2F1E7F0/S2045381719000455a.pdf/varieties_of_populism_and_the_challenges_to_global_constitutionalism_dangers_promises_and_implications.pdf.

[3] «Parties and Elections in Europe». www.parties-and-elections.eu.

[α]

[2]

[1]